Should Divorced Parents Remarry?

OUTLINE I. Introduction Thesis statement: divorced parents should not remarry for the following reasons. II. Body A. Divorced parents remarry which will have negative impacts on their children 1. Children will be placed in a complex situation. 2. Parents’ remarriage will give children pernicious influences on their behavior and study. B. Divorced parents will face complex relationships when they remarry 1. Stepparents will get into troubles with stepchildren. 2. Stepparents have to face unresolved issues related to the first marriage. C.Counterargument and refutation. 1. Counterargument. a. Children might have a perfect family with both mother and father which help them mature. b. New spouses in stepfamilies may have strong and harmonious marital relationship. 2. Refutation. a. Remarriage has negative effects on children. b. There are many conflicts happening in stepfamily. III. Conclusion Because of the above reasons, it is better for divorced parents not to remarry. Should d ivorced parents remarry? Remarriage of divorced parents is always a controversial issue in our modern society.Some of divorced parents choose remarriage as another chance or hope with a new family while many others decide to become a single parent. As making the decision to remarry, divorced parents have to choose a new partner who is suitable not only for them but for their children as well. Havemann and Lehtinen (1990) quoted a sociologist, ‘the difficulty which remarried family must wrestle may be tremendous’ (p. 280). Divorced parents can get into big troubles which people in first marriages will never foresee.In our opinion, divorced parent should not remarry for some rationales. Firstly, divorced parent remarriage is mainly responsible for children’s stress, depression, severe behaviors and bad schoolwork. Children not only can be the unwitting victim of a network of jealous and angry people but also suffer from conflict of loyalty. A study cited by Lutz (a s cited in Strong, Devault & Sayad, 1998) showed that many children felt stressful and worried because they were put in difficult predicaments. For example, a teenage girl felt heavily stressed.Although she lived with her mother and stepfather, she had to spend her weekends with her maternal grandparents and her paternal grandparents. She was always asked to report what happened at the other place and guard secret about it (R. H. Lauer & J. C. Lauer, 2007). Moreover, Visher and Visher (as cited in Devault et al. , 1998) see that many children in the stepfamilies who suffer the conflict of loyalties and loss of love from their parents can be in a state of great anxiety, confusion and they could behave unpredictably.In addition, according to Wallerstein and Kelly (as cited in Schwartz & Scott, 1994), remarriages of divorced parents not only cause children’s tension but also affect their study. The boys, for instance, had negative attitudes and did not concentrate on study in sc hool because their father and stepmother refused to send their biological mother money (Havemann & Letinen, 1990). Secondly, remarried parents will face stepchildren’s disputation and unresolved issues related to the first marriage.Children at any age tend to oppose and begrudge their stepparent, a newcomer in their family (Lauer & Lauer, 2007). In fact, they usually show their distrust, suspect, and resentment toward their stepparent. Even when stepmother try her best to be closed to stepchildren and satisfy their needs, the stepchildren still do not accept her as their real mother since they think that she is trying to replace their biological mother (DeVault, Sayad & Strong, 1998). By any cost, children try to â€Å"drive a stepparent out of the home† (Havemann & Lehtinen, 1990, p. 82). As a result, remarriages indeed have been devastated and disrupted by teenage stepchildren (Havemann & Lehtinen, 1990). Besides, not only stepchildren but also ex-spouses can be a co mplicated problem with remarried couples. Especially, former marital habits have a negative impact on the rapport between new spouses (Schwartz & Scott, 1994). A woman in her 30s, for example, told some troubles about her remarriage. Her husband bought her a nice nightgown, however he had a ritual of buying small size which fit his ex-wife but it did not fit her.Similarly, she also had a mistake that she called her current husband by her ex-partner’s name (Havemann & Letinen, 1990). In addition, keeping in touch with ex-spouses is inevitable. For instance, Sager and his associates reported that Mrs. Prince was annoyed because her husband has some calls continuously with his ex-wife many times a day for problems involving his biological children (Lauer & Lauer, 2007). Opposing people may claim that divorced parent remarriages may help the children to recover from emotional trauma of their parent’s divorce.Furthermore, on account of becoming older and more experienced th an in the first marriages, new spouses in stepfamilies might have strong and harmonious marital relationship. However, as stated previously, parent remarriages put the children in a problematic position and cause their emotional troubles. For stepdaughters, both Hetherington and Joshua Fischman (as cited in Schwartz & Scott, 1994) found that they experience more depression and have more negative behaviors.Besides, there are many conflicts happening in a stepfamily, which affects new spouses’ harmony like stepchildren’s disagreement and relationships with ex-spouses. Children’s behaviors have negative effects on the marital rapport, namely they act against stepparents and make a resentful atmosphere (Schwartz & Scott, 1994). Furthermore, stepsibling relationship is also one of the biggest problems in stepfamily because it can lead to stepsibling rivalry (Schwartz & Scott, 1994).As a result of such disharmony, â€Å"it is often difficult for remarried family to f eel like a real family† (Schwartz & Scott, 1994, p. 389). In conclusion, complicated problems with stepchildren and ex-spouse and negative impacts on children are two most severe issues in remarriage. Both the quality of the marital relationship and the stability in remarriage are poor. The statistics indicate that divorce people who remarry have a higher divorce rate than those in first marriages (Schwartz & Scott, 1994).Therefore, to our view, it is better for divorced parents not to remarry, which benefits both them and their children. Words: 852 * References DeVault, C. , Sayad, B. W. , & Strong, B. (1998). The marriage and family experience (7th ed. ). Belmont, Wadsworth publishing company. Havemann, E. & Lehtinen, M. (1990). Marriages and families (2nd ed. ). Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Lauer, R. H. & Lauer, J. C. (2007). Marriage & family (6th ed. ). New York: Phillip A. Butcher. Schwartz, M. A. & Scott, B. M. (1994). Marriages & families. Englewood cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.

How Effective Is Police Stop and Search Essay

This assessment will focus on Section 1 of The Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (Stop and Search powers). I will look at the use of stop and search before the Macpherson report and after the Macpherson report and compare how it has changed. The use of stop and search powers allow the police to tackle crime and anti-social behaviour, and to prevent more serious crimes occurring generally in public places like a Football match. A police officer can ask what you are doing, why you’re in an area and/or where you’re going. They also have the power to stop and search you if they have ‘reasonable grounds’ to suspect you’re carrying; illegal drugs, a weapon, stolen property or something which could be used to commit a crime, such as a dangerous weapon. You can only be stopped and searched without reasonable grounds if it has been approved by a senior police officer. This can happen if it is suspected that; serious violence could take place, you are carrying a weapon or have used one or you are in a specific location or area. However, you don’t have to answer any questions the police officer asks you. The Police officer will note down seven details these include; Ethnicity, Objective of search, Grounds for search, Identity of the officer carrying out the stop and search, Date, Time and Place. However being searched does not mean you have been arrested, unless any of these factors apply. Sir William McPherson carried out an inquiry in 1999 following an investigation of the murder of Stephen Lawrence. The 18-year-old A-Level student was fatally stabbed in an unprovoked attack as he waited for a bus in Eltham, south London, in April 1993. Nobody, at the time was convicted of his murder. However in 2006 the Metropolitan Police’s Acting Deputy Commissioner, ordered a cold case review that led to the convictions of Gary Dobson and David Norris in 2011 they were found guilty by an Old Bailey jury after a trial based on forensic evidence. Scientists found a tiny bloodstain on Dobson’s jacket that could only have come from Mr Lawrence. They also found a single hair belonging to the teenager on Norris’s jeans. Both men have had previous run-ins with the law; Dobson was jailed for five years in 2010 for drugs trafficking. He is among a small number of men to have been tried twice for the same crime (double jeopardy) after the Court of Appeal quashed his 1996 acquittal for the murder. Norris was convicted in 2002 of a separate allegation of racially threatening behaviour. Allegations of incompetence and racism against Metropolitan police officers that were in charge of the case sparked the original inquiry as did two internal police inquiries which acquitted the Metropolitan itself. In relation to the stop and search there is no actual change in the stop and search powers for the police. However records of all stop and search operation have to be published, and a copy of the record can also be given to the person involved if requested therefore there can be no discriminative reason to stop someone as the police have to provide written reason to the suspect and the police force. The 1981 Brixton riots and the subsequent Scarman report were key factors in the passage of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 (PACE). It provides the core framework of police powers and safeguards around stop and search, arrest, detention, investigation, identification and interviewing detainees. The aim of PACE has always been to establish a balance between the powers of the police in England and Wales and the rights of members of the public. Literature Review The immediate effect of Macpherson saw a decline in the use of stop and search. In London, stop and searches fell from 180,000 in 1999/00 to 169,000 the following year. Nationally, the number of stop and searches fell by 21% and then a further 16% from 1998 to 2000. By December 2000, representatives of rank and file officers were saying that Macpherson had damaged morale. Officers, they said, were unprepared to use stop and search out of fear of being labelled racist. So William Hague called for there to be a rise in the use of Stop and Search. This was evident in 2001 when Mr Hague linked a rise in violent street crime in some areas to a drop in stop and searches of black people because police officers feared being called racist. However, this can be argued as many black and Asian people – including Stephen Lawrence’s father, Neville, who filed a complaint after being stopped last year – said they were still being unfairly targeted. And in January figures from the Home Office showed that the fall in searches was greatest for white suspects with black people still ive times more likely to be stopped in London than white people. The Equality Act 2010 makes it prohibited for police officers to discriminate against, harass or victimise any person in relation to ‘age, disability, gender reassignment, race, religion or belief, sex and sexual orientation, marriage, civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity when using their po wers on the ground of ‘protected characteristics’ (Home Office 2011). This shows they have tried to control the situation of racism in the force and tried to put a stop to it. However racism within the force goes back decades as before 1984 police were allowed to stop and search whoever they wanted therefore it became easier and more of a habit to target people who fit ‘criminal persona’. This laid back approach to stop and search caused problems because police became discriminative to the public which can be shown in the Home office statistics (Police and Criminal Evidence Act, The 1984). Research shows this is still happening today even though the Equality Act 2010 was put forward this is evident in (justice 2010). Black people are 8 per cent more likely than whites to face stop and search’. In relation to the McPherson report the Committee said that since the introduction of the report the police have made â€Å"tremendous strides† in the service they provide to ethnic minority communities and in countering racism amongst its own workforce. This is evident in the fact that sixty-seven of Macpherson’s 70 recommendations have been implemented fully or in part in the ten years since his report was published. However the statistics show that there is still racism in the force therefore were McPhersons recommendations needed or could he have focused more on the problem in hand? Many people see that that racist persona of the forces comes from the idea that police officers are hard, tough, and will not tolerate unacceptable behaviour. This is called cop culture which is hard to define as it has moved from discussing about one culture to discussing different cultures such as ‘subculture’, ‘street culture’, ‘patrol culture’, ‘canteen culture’ (It can be defined as where the police share the same sense of identity which evolves around work, hard play and hard drinking), ‘headquarters culture’ and the ‘cardigan squad’ (the soft and fluffy culture). Cop culture can be seen as many different things depending on how you view the police themselves. In Britain the Scarman report in 1981 riots in Brixton was influential and raised the importance of stop and search on young black men who felt they had been unfairly targeted due to their colour. Rowe argues that while not all findings were the ‘militaristic style of policing, with poor public engagement†¦ t established recommendations relating to policing for example on training, the role of community policing, lay visitors at police stations, discipline and stop and search’. Rowe also mentions that the recommendations mentioned in the Scarman report were reiterated in the McPherson report almost 20 years later suggests that the recommendations were not effectively implemented in the Scarman report (Rowe 2007:155). However McPherson was more forthright using the term ‘institutional racism’ that Scarman shied away from, making the problem more visible to the public. This is evident when the metropolitan police mishandled the Stephen Lawrence case due to a combination of professional incompetence, institutional racism and a failure of leadership by senior officers’ (McPherson 1999). In terms of police culture, institutional racism was said to incorporate racist stereotyping of black people as potential criminals or troublemakers (McPherson 1999). Taking this into account a racist officer can be seen as an incompetent officer as it is finding a lack of understanding of cultural diversity illustrated in the existence of cultural crisis in the metropolitan police therefore they should be retrained or dismissed. Many people of been very critical of the McPherson report one main criticism is that although McPherson made 70 much needed recommendations for the force he did little to bring justice for the family of Stephen Lawrence which was the reason he originally conducted the inquiry. However 11 years after the inquiry was completed justice was in fact served for the Lawrence family but not due to McPherson’s recommendations. This shows the failings of which the Macpherson Report draws attention too, is in relation to the police investigation into the murder of Stephen Lawrence which is important, but the explanation as to how and why the problems occurred is somewhat limited which needed to be noted as well. This means that he noted the problem of racism but didn’t recommend to put the case back on retrial. The problems identified by McPherson are not only unique to this case or other racial murders; but rather they are related to the social, legal and organisational environments in which this sort of police work should be undertaken at all times. The stop and search has been proven to be a success for the police, the power to stop and search people who they suspect of being involved in crime is an important tactic. It provides a means to confirm or allay suspicions about individuals without exercising their power of arrest. Where the stop and search is employed appropriately and proportionately, it could increase community confidence in the police force and make a positive contribution to reducing the fear of crime. Stop and search has been very successful in relation to knife crime. For example October 2009, more than 380,000 stops and searches have been conducted; 14,700 people have been arrested; and more than 7,500 knives have been recovered. However the stop and search has seen negative attitudes in relation to law-abiding people who feel they have been unjustifiably targeted. These people are less likely to trust the police and co-operate with them when they have a problem, therefore conducting effective policing, becomes much more difficult. There are still concerns in relation to stop and search and through this the equality and human right commissioners are continuing to monitor how the police are using their stop and search powers. They want to see: a reduction in the national figures for race disproportionality in the use of stop and search powers. A reduction in the number of excess stops and searches carried out on black and Asian people. Also forces with high excesses, in particular the Metropolitan Police, taking action to ensure that the powers are being used in a non-discriminatory and lawful manner. They are also monitoring and concentrating on forces that currently have particularly high rates of disproportionality, in particular some southern rural forces, taking action to reduce their race disproportionality ratios. And finally the forces with race disproportionality collaborating and sharing good practice with their neighbours. The lack of ethnic contact outside law enforcement and in the law enforcement needs a clear transformation. The criminal justice system can in no way be prejudice, discriminative, racist or sexist. They are there to keep the public safe and the public has to trust them otherwise the system would fail, the public have to be extremely open-minded. One way to do this is to focus on race awareness training for all police officers in and joining the force. However this strategy has been used before and after the Scarman report and unfortunately made little impact over the decades since. Macpherson is aware of this but fails to adopt a more radical policy agenda directed at the structure and organisation of policing and the relationship between police and ethnic minorities in the law-enforcement situation itself therefore the race problem is still occurring. To conclude many will argue that not much is different before the McPherson report during and after. The statistics show that being of ethnic origin walking the streets you are more likely to be stopped then if you are white, this stereotype needs to be changed and then the force will be less inclined to stop people of this description with little or lack of reason. However there has been a decline in the amount of black and Asian people stopped but also a decline in the amount of officers that use stop and search on regular basis in fear that they will be labelled a racist. The police need to find a balance between being labelled and doing their job to maximise the trust from the public and minimise fear of crime. Therefore the public and force can come together to make the community the safest place possible.

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Capital markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Capital markets - Essay Example sically is a promise to pay back the face value of the bond on maturity together with making periodic interest fees known as coupon rate (Palmiter, 2009). Plowback-Earnings is another important source of new funds which corporations use on capital projects. Instead of paying out dividends to shareholders, a company may decide to plowback the profits made back into the corporation. Plowback is basically reinvesting profits back into the business. It is an attractive way of raising capital since it is usually subject to the control of management. There is no approval required from the government for its use, as happens when a corporation seeks to raise funds via selling of stocks, bonds and securities. In addition, bonds and stocks have costs related to them, for instance, interest that is paid on bonds whereas profit retention avoids such costs (Tirole, 2010). Private equity-This is a source that is popular with small firms or start-ups that cannot raise funds through the stock exchange or rather do not desire to subject themselves to other financing options available. Thus they prefer raising capital via private equity, a process that basically comprises of private investors offering capital to a corporation in exchange for a given stake in the firm. A private equity company is a consortium of investors that pool their capital together for purposes of investment, mostly in other companies (Scanlan 1997). Equity securities-commonly referred to as stock is the fourth source of capital for corporations. Equity is basically an ownership stake in a business or property. Stock being the smallest form of new capital is of great importance to a firm in beginning a company and its early operations. A stock will offer an investor several legal rights such as ownership, sharing in earnings, transferability as well as the power to vote. Stocks are acquired through payment of cash (Jenkins 2013). 2. A financial market basically entails a market where entities and people

Catabolite Repression and Induction of Beta-galactosidase Synthesis Lab Report

Catabolite Repression and Induction of Beta-galactosidase Synthesis - Lab Report Example Apart from induction, synthesis rate is determined by catabolite repression, whereby it slows down the synthesis of beta-galactosidase especially in the presence of a better carbon (and energy) source, such as glucose. In this experiment, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is used as the bacteria to induce synthesis of enzyme ÃŽ ²-galactosidase. The results support lactose metabolism by newly synthesised beta-galactosidase and also, quantitatively, IPTG is a more effective inducer of beta-galactosidase synthesis than lactose. In order to regulate the gene expression levels in a cell, there are certain mechanisms that must be considered in operation. In which case, the regulation is considered at transcription and translation levels or the stability of messenger RNA. The aforementioned can only work in regulation based on the synthesis of a particular protein. Consequently, it comes out as a subject of importance to investigate the regulation of transcription of bacterial genes. For this case, Escherichia coli (E. coli) is used as the bacteria to induce synthesis of enzyme ÃŽ ²-galactosidase. Escherichia coli (E. coli) can produce the enzyme ÃŽ ²-galactosidase which breaks lactose into galactose and glucose. Synthesis of the enzyme beta-galactosidase is induced in wild-type E. coli strains in response to the presence of lactose, the enzymes natural substrate (Ring, 1999, 80). The inducer, lactose, is usually the molecule broken down by the enzyme system. Worth noting is the ability of E.coli to solely use lactose as a carbon source regardless of the presence of glucose. A more stable inducer that lactose, IPTG (Isopropyl ÃŽ ²-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside) helps in inducing expression of the enzyme without being metabolized in the process. Apart from induction, synthesis of ÃŽ ²-galactosidase is also influenced by catabolite repression. The process involves slow down of the synthesis process, facilitated by lactose, especially when a presence of glucose is detected. Intuitively, glucose acts as a better energy and carbon source than lactose (Wallenfels, 1972, 67). When given both sugars, E.coli will not synthesize beta-galactosidase until all of the glucose is first exhausted from the medium.

Cause and Effect of Race on Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Cause and Effect of Race on My Life - Essay Example It is not essential that everybody has to face certain problems in association with these characteristics but for me, the situation was on the negative side. I belong to the Middle East and I chose to pursue my studies in the United States with the prospect of achieving a better future. Though it is believed by many that racism is not a major factor which affects the living of a person in today’s world but in my case, my life was very much affected by my race. I was one of the very few people in my college in the United States who came from the Middle East. My race was one of the major reasons why not many people in my class wanted to befriend me. I was new in the country and an international student and it was a period when I actually needed help and support. It was very difficult on my part to communicate with people because I perceived that most of them did not want to engage in conversations with or assist me in getting used to the place. I still remember the time when I a sked a college mate to give me his notes to which he flatly refused and did not even speak any further. The concept that I actually realized was that the whites preferred sticking to their own groups. This was the beginning but with time things did change and we got on better terms after a few months. The level of trust was not very high but I actually communicate with them. We were colleagues but not friends who would actually go out or attend parties together. It cannot be denied that my race did assist me in many matters. I formed a very strong bond and actually made really good friends with people who belonged to different races and were international students like me.

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 5

Philosophy - Essay Example He is separate from the mere idea of God, in the sense that all reality is contained with Him. On this idea of perfection, there is a hierarchy of perfection that begins with the purely subjective and ending with the ultimate reality, which Descartes equates with God. Descartes believes people experience an idea of the most perfect being and that existence is more perfect than existence in thought alone. Using both of these premises, Descartes concludes that the most perfect being (that is, God) exists in reality, not merely in thought. The argument is intuitively appealing, since people tend to see existence as more perfect than nonexistent. Despite this intuition, however, an entity cannot possess a characteristic (such as â€Å"being perfect†) unless that entity already exists. Accordingly, those things that do not exist cannot retain the property of perfect or imperfection. Existence serves as a precondition of perfection, not as something that occurs simultaneous to it. D escartes thinks that it is impossible to conceive of a most perfect being that does not have the characteristic of existence. Nevertheless, people, in fact, have the idea of this most perfect being. Descartes argument begs the question by basing all of existence on God and then using the premise that existence in reality is more perfect than existence in thought alone.

Final Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Final Paper - Essay Example (Restatement of the Law Second, of Contracts Section 153) Generally a unilateral mistake will not give rise to grounds for rescission of a contract. However, there are three specific circumstances in which the contract will not be enforced/rescinded on the ground of unilateral mistake. To start with the good faith requirement in the law of contract requires that parties to a contract do not take unfair advantage of the other party. To this end the courts will not enforce a contract in which there is a unilateral mistake if enforcement would be unconscionable. In circumstances where one party is aware of the mistake made by the other party and also aware that the mistaken party would not enter into the contract had he been aware of the mistake the enforcement of such a contract would be unfair and unconscionable. (Angelo, 11) At the heart of the matter is the general requirement that all contracts are required to be made and executed under principles of fair dealing. In keeping with this element of fair dealing a second ground permitting the rescission of a contract on the grounds of unilateral mistake is when there is evidence that the mistake is clerical or mathematical in nature. (M.F. Kemper Constr. Co. V. City of Los Angeles 37 Cal. 2d 696) What is required is the absence of purposive intent. (M.F. Kemper Constr. Co. V. City of Los Angeles 37 Cal. 2d 696) It is generally assumed that the parties to a contract enter into it for some benefit and should the clerical or mathematical mistake be such that it undermines a benefit to one party it can be rescinded. (M.F. Kemper Constr. Co. V. City of Los Angeles 37 Cal. 2d 696) However, an error in judgment will not justify rescission of a contract. (M.F. Kemper Constr. Co. V. City of Los Angeles 37 Cal. 2d 696) A third ground upon which the courts will rescind a contract on the grounds of

The elements of a Validated Contract Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The elements of a Validated Contract - Essay Example A proposal is an act when a person wants to do something or abstain from and shares this thought or idea to someone, thinking or wanting that particular person to act or think in the same way. An offer is a promise that bounds a person keeping in mind that all the terms and conditions are disclosed and accepted as well. It means that there must be acceptance of exactly what has been offered as a proposal. This is the first step towards making a contract. Such a proposal or offer when accepted, it becomes a â€Å"promise†. All these actions are based on the intention to make a legal relationship. Generally, there is not any intension to make a legal relationship in daily routine agreements. However, for a valid contract, the agreement or acceptance must be on legal bases. A person who made an offer can withdraw the offer that has been made before it is accepted. To make the withdrawal successful, the person who has proposed the offer, should converse with the other party and in form them in clear terms that the offer has been withdrawn, and it doesn’t exists anymore. Similarly the acceptance must be made and communicated to the offerer. ... An agreement without consideration is considered to be void. Consideration stands as the cause or reason of the promise. Consideration is an essential part of a contract. Consideration is also termed as â€Å"object†. The object must be lawful for agreement to be called as contract. As long as consideration exists, the law does not question about its fairness and capacity. Without this, an agreement is not acceptable or it is not treated as a valid contract. The consideration should not be illegal or impossible to perform by any of the two parties involved. A consideration is unlawful if it is forbidden by law, fraudulent and the courts declared it as immoral act. A promise is always made in return of a promise. That promise must be ethical and lawful. 3. Legal Capacity: There are some restrictions regarding entrance into a valid contract. It is necessary for both the parties of the contract to be completely able to respond to the contract. Both parties must be proficient of e ntering the contract and in case they are not able to handle the contract, then the agreement will not lead to a valid contract. Each party must be fully aware of all the rules and restrictions. Also it should be experienced enough to deal with the contract. In terms of law, a party should be of â€Å"age of majority† and â€Å"sound mind†. These words clearly mean that parties must be mature enough for the contract. There are mentioned some groups of people which involve a problematic consent and are dealt in a separate way under specifies rules for them. Such groups consists people like bankrupts, prisoners, corporations those who are mentally impaired. Capacity and consent of these people are brought into consideration while discussing such cases. 4. A legal purpose: In our daily life, we

Closing Down the Oconomo Plant Essay Example for Free

Closing Down the Oconomo Plant Essay This plant is important to the society because it has created employment opportunities to local residents. However, the plant is in the verge of shut down. Jack Ripon , Chief Executive officer of Lamprey Inc. is concerned about higher cost of operation which has decreased profit for the company. The plan is to close down the Oconomo plant and establish a new plant in Mexico. Jack wants Jim Malesckowski, President of Wisconsin Speciality Products Division of Lamprey Inc. o find out about the operational costs of establishing a new plant in Mexico and submit the report to him. Jim thinks that the action to shut down the Oconomo plant might be wrong as long as there were chances to lower the costs. But he also thinks that Jack is right because all the avenues for decreasing costs at the plant have been closed. Besides money, there are other underlying factors that have led the management to bring some changes in the company. We will look at some of the forces that drive Oconomo plant to anticipate for change,changes that are required to be made, and the reasons why union leaders are reluctant to change. . What forces for change are evident at the Oconomo plant? The greatest force that drives the company to look for change is its high operational cost. The plant has so high operational costs that the company has been incurring losses instead of making profits. The management is anticipating changes so that the company will make profits in the future. In order for a company to run successfully, it should realize some returns from the investment made at the plant. Having invested in the company, shareholders also expect return for their investment. It is important for the company to make enough money for the satisfaction of shareholders and the existence of the company in the market. By any means, Lamprey Inc. should reduce its operational cost to withstand the fierce competition in the marketplace. For the compaby to make it in the market, it must change its working conditions so that they fit with the current market situations, (Daft Marcic,2010). Another force that is evident for the change at the Oconomo plant is the uncooperative labor union. Workers have been consistently refusing to cooperate with the management. The company is planning to reduce the amount of pay it’s going to provide to workers. In order to decrease the labor cost, the company is proposing changes but the union leaders have turned a deaf ear to the management’s plan . It’s a great problem when workers are unwilling to listen to the management for possible solution. The situation will get even worse when the workers are not ready to accept the desired change of the company. Competition in the marketplace is also prominent force that is evident for change in this case. Lately, competitors have threatened Lamprey Inc. from the services and products that they are providing to the society. It has been a challenge for the company to manufacture the quality products and beat the competitor’s price. While the competiton is being fierce in the marketplace, Lamprey Inc. has been struggling to sustain the operations. If the same situation persists, the company would not have a way to exist in the market. 2. What is the primary type of change needed—changing â€Å"things† or changing the â€Å"people and culture? Can the Wisconsin plant be saved by changing things alone, by changing people and culture, or must both be changed? Explain your answer. Primary type of change required in this case is changing people and their culture. If people and their attitudes can be changed, work environment will be comfortable and other changes are easy to implement. The attitude of employees especially that of union leaders is not right in the given case. They are disobedient to the management. As long as employees don’t have respect for management, it is hard to bring any other changes. People’s culture is of great significance in the way the company operates because if the culture or people fit in the objectives of the company, rest of things will work accordingly. In changing anything with respect to company, people and culture should be considered at first. If the people working in the company are unhappy with the change, the objectives of change might not be fulfilled. In this particular case, employees are scared of change and in fact don’t let management bring any changes. Such culture is detrimental to the company. Culture should be established in such a way that people are ready to accept the change and welcome the efforts of the management with open heart. Although changing people and their culture is a primary thing, changing things is also important and should be considered for quality and workable plans of the company. Lamprey Inc. needs to bring some change in the products to save its position in the market. If the products are of low quality, the market share of Lamprey Inc. will be directed towards the competitors. In this case, the company has not put enough effort to upgrade the quality of the products. If the same situation persists, it will not be able to face the competition in the industry because competitors are developing quality products at affordable price. A company can’t operate on just a single type of change. It’s important to put into consideration both changes when designing any type of change in the company. In order to change the products, the entire team of the company should be ready and thus change is required in people of the company. To meet the objectives of the desired strategy, the company should take consideration on both types of changes.

Services Such As Postpaid Plans Marketing Essay

Services Such As Postpaid Plans Marketing Essay DiGi is the Telecommunication SdnBhd that provider mobile service in Malaysia. DiGi is offer services such as postpaid plans prepaid plans, international calling, international roaming, data plans and services, SMS, MMS, GPRS, EDGE and  WAPservices. The objectives in this DiGi advertisement is advertise that DiGiis upgrading LTE network sites and improve the internet coverage in Malaysia.DiGi wants attract more customer switch to be DiGi by using upgrading LTE networking and services. DiGi is provides the high speed internet covering at least 95.8% of all Malaysia. Internet can enrich lives, empower communities, and transform the business. Therefore, increase coverage of high speed internet (3G EDGE) to cover of all Malaysian. Stronger, more stable network DiGi upgrade the stronger and more stable networking with improves capacity and the opportunity to provide DiGi user with the best wireless Internet experience. Therefore, DiGiusers can reduce the probability unstable line where the connection speed can vary a lot, or get frequent disconnections. LTE Equipped DiGi is going to provides 1st LTE-equipped and ready to deliver fibre-like speeds to support the forthcoming LTE mobile devices. Therefore, DiGi is also provides the technology in advance to coming smartphone such as iPhone 5. It is able to using LTE to connect the network. Appeal and Unique Selling Proposition Appeal DiGi is advertising the power of useful by using internet by upgrade the new technology LTE equipped network. DiGi using the yellow colour kid represent the DiGi user in the advertisement, such as capture the lost cat photo and share to internet to the world ask for help to find out the lost cat. Besides that, DiGi user can access the internet to connect social media for search the old friends or make new friends. From the advertisement, DiGi is showing the high speed internet to access internet, such as the couple find new place for dinnerand they can search with high speed by using google map to allocate the location. Internet also helps the DiGi user gathering more information and bigger idea. Moreover, DiGi is also provides the high speed internet for 95.8% coverage in Malaysia, so the DiGi user can access the internet at any corner or any place. Additionally, DiGi Telco is provides first LTE equipped network in Malaysia.DiGi also advert that DiGi is always smarter choice to the customer. Differentiate (Benefit, Uniqueness and Potency) Benefit Innovation DiGi is upgrade the LTE-equipped network and ready to deliver fibre-like speeds to support the forthcoming LTE mobile devices. Therefore, person who is holding LTE mobile devices can be enjoy the fibre-like speeds to connect the internet by DiGi Network. Expanding High Speed Internet Coverage (3G / EDGE) DiGi is upgrading the high speed internet coverage at least 95.8% of all Malaysia. The user can receive the stronger signal that provides by DiGi. So, DiGi user can access the internet at anywhere in Malaysia, such as inside building area or garden. More Stable Network DiGi user can receive more stable connection to higher speed internet for search information. For example, DiGi user need find a place for having dinner, and they are no idea where to going. So, DiGi user can search information and immediately receive the suggestion by internet that which restaurant is provides good taste of food. Uniqueness 1st Malaysia LTE- Equipped Network DiGi is 1st telecommunication company that upgrade the LTE-equipped network and equipped to deliver fibre-like speeds to support the forthcoming LTE mobile devices. High Speed Internet Coverage In the TV advertisement, DiGi is advert the Telco is expand to 95.8% of coverage in Malaysia. That means DiGi is covering all area to DiGi for access the Internet. Potency Innovation DiGi is innovation that becomes the first Telco set up LTE equipped network in Malaysia. And it is get ready for the upcoming technology LTE mobile devices. Reinforce DiGi is using TOMORROW NETWORK to promote their telco services is improvement high speed internet and expand the coverage DiGi network in Malaysia to attract more customer. Besides that, in the advertisement DiGi is using google map and social media to showing how helpful of internetandpromote with their internet network is 95.8% coverage in Malaysia. More than that, DiGi advert by using kids is because DiGi think that kids is represent new generation same as the new technology LTE equipped network. Last but not least, the advertisement provides more DiGi upgrade information in the www.digi.com.my. Inform DiGi is advertises on the television at ntv7. It is because ntv7 is target audience in urban people and this advertisement is in English version. Besides that, the broadcast time of DiGi advertisement is showing at 2pm to4pm and 7pm to 10pm. This is because the 2pm-4pm younger customers are free after their school or tea break to watch TV. And the urban people are only free to sit and watch the TV at 7pm-9pm pacific time. Persuade The major customer need or want is getting a large coverage of telecommunication services and high connection speed in their busy life. Therefore, DiGi is trying to meet the customer satisfaction by using improve their services such as increase the internet speed and expand the coverage. Segmentation and Target Audience Demographic DiGi is using demographic segmentation to segment the market. It is divide the market as life stage segmentation variables. DiGi is segment life stage variable base on child, youth, collegiate, adult and senior. After segment the market, DiGi is found that the collegiate segment is the bigger usage of the internet. From the advertisement, we also found that DiGi is using the collegiate to advert in the advertisement. Socioeconomic DiGi is using socioeconomic segmentation to segment the market. It is divide the market as education segmentation variables. DiGi is segment education variables base on no educated, some high school, and professional graduate. It is because the advertisement is using English language to advertise. Therefore, the customer has some high school knowledge to understand the English and knowing to access internet. Target audience Primary Target Market The primary target market of DiGi is targeted collegiate. It is because the collegiate is the bigger usage of the internet and also received good education level in Malaysia. Besides that, collegiate is like to online search to do their assignment and using social media to communicate with their friend. And also from the advertisement, we also found that DiGi is using the collegiate to advert in the advertisement. Secondary Target Market The secondary target market of DiGi is targeted office worker. It is because the office worker has enough knowledge to access the internet and also able contact with the customer by using phone online sending e-mail or search the customer location.From the advertisement, access the internet to find the location for dinner with the customer. Inferences Using energetic music to present DiGi advertisement is using energetic background music to present the advertisement. It makes the audience feel that using DiGi telecommunication will be getting more energetic and young. Clear voice tone of speaking From the advertisement, we can hear the clear voice tone speaking in English and easy to understand and clear deliver the message to the audience. Target young people From the advertisement, we can see that DiGi is using the young people take part in the advertisement. It is because DiGiis targeting young people for future growth and for the introduction of new products such as LTE to the customer. High Speed Internet 95.8% for Malaysian In the TV advertisement, DiGi is advert that expands to 95.8% of coverage in Malaysia. Therefore, DiGi is allowed to access the internet all area in Malaysia to search information and social media. Provide website for information upgrade DiGi is using website to deliver more information about tomorrow networkto customer. Before end of the advertisement, DiGiis provides the website address www.digi.com.my for customer logon to search more updating information of DiGi tomorrow network. High technology DiGi is going to provides 1st LTE-equipped and ready to deliver fibre-like speeds to support the forthcoming LTE mobile devices. Therefore, DiGi is prepared in advance for coming new high technology LTE mobile devices. Always the smarter choice From end of the advertisement DiGi shown that they are always the smarter choice. DiGi wants the customer feel that by using the DiGi, will become make them also become a smarter consumer and making a smarter choice. Power of internet From the advertisement, DiGi is advert the power of internet can help the user to find the lost cat, friend, dinner location, and getting more idea at around the whole world. Using yellow colour represent DiGi From the advertisement, we can found the every there are a lot of yellow colour. It is because yellow is representing the DiGi telecommunication. Therefore, when customer sees the yellow colour and will make them think of the DiGi. Printing Advertisement Introduction The Magic Health is a shower system product by Panasonic that provides perfectly-timed hot and cold water to invigorate the customer. The objective Panasonic advertise on newspaper is notify to their loyalty customer Panasonic is launch new product call Magic Health shower and inform them about the benefit and features of the product. Product Features E-Cycle The Panasonic magic health shower system e-cycle is alternates between hot and cold water to enhance blood circulation. It can let customer without doing exercise to enhance blood circulation and provides comfortable feeling to customer who is taking a bath by using magic health show system. E-Hybrid The Panasonic magic health shower system e-hybrid is combines water and air bubbles infused with negative ions to create effect of a refreshing massage. It have the massaging effect to relaxes customer and reduce tired level from customer. Energy- saving performance The Panasonic magic health shower system provides 43% less electricity usage and 20% less water usage. This features can helps the customer to save more money from the long term usage by adding energy saving performance to the product. Appeal and Unique Selling Proposition Appeal Panasonic magic health is advertising that is home use shower product with hot and cold hydrotherapy. In advertisement, Panasonic is differentiating the shower product and provides the product image such as DH-3KD1, DH-3KE1, DH-3KP2, DH-3KP1, and DH-3KT1 to match the different segment customer needs. Besides that, Panasonic is using a beauty girl shower to present happy and comfortable feeling by using magic health shower product. In advertisement also show the benefit of the product and the product features to the customer. Moreover, it also provides the contact number, working period, website, and address to the customer who is interest to purchase the product. Last but not least, Panasonic also using the slogan idea provide product and services base on ideas that enrich lifestyles, assist the innovation of society, enhance lives, and broaden horizons. Differentiate (Benefit, Uniqueness and Potency) Benefit Energy- saving performance Panasonic magic health shower system provides 43% less electricity usage and 20% less water usage. This benefit can helps the customer to save more money with long term usage. High Technology Panasonic is bringing out new revolution shower system by using e-cycle and e-hybrid to bring new technology to meet the customer need. Customer can be adjusts temperature and enjoy the massage to feel energised and relaxed. Innovation Safety features Panasonic magic health shower system provides innovation safety that nine safety points for optimal protection. It can make customer feel safety by using this product. Uniqueness Nine Safety Protection From the advertisement, we can found that Panasonic is innovation and enhance the safety protection system on the product. It can make customer feel safe and confident to purchase the magic health shower system. Energy Saving From the advertisement, we can found that Panasonic is 43% less electricity usage and 20% less water usage. This features can helps the customer to save more money from the long term usage and also green the environment. Reinforce In the newspaper advertisement, Panasonic using their slogan ideas for life to represent the product and services base on ideas that enrich lifestyles, assist the innovation of society, making live more easily, and more comfortable. Besides that, Panasonic is reinforcing the consumers by using a model AyumiHamasaki to promote their product which at mid of advertisement to show the comfortable and happiness to the customer. Moreover, in the newspaper Panasonic advert the benefit and safety to customer. And also provides the product image to customer knowing the design and colour. Furthermore, it also provides the contact number, working period, website, and address to the customer who intends to purchase the product. Inform Panasonic is advertises on sinchew newspaper. It is because sinchew is target Chinese audience and the middle income category. In advertisement, it is using Chinese as delivery language. Panasonic posted this advertisement on sinchew newspaper rather than other newspaper because it wants to deliver the product information to middle income category. Persuade The major customers tend to enjoy their lifestyle after come back of work and saving their money. Therefore, Panasonic create the product that can control the temperature shower and massage function to the customer. Moreover, Panasonic also attract the price sensitive customer due to 43% less electricity usage and 20% less water usage. Segmentation and Target Audience Socioeconomic Panasonic is using socioeconomic segmentation to segment the market. It is divide the market as income segmentation variables. Panasonic is segment income variables base on low income, middle income, and high income. And Panasonic is targeted middle income to high income. It is because middle income to high come customer is afforded to use the product every day. Demographic Panasonic is using demographic segmentation to segment the market. It is divide the market as residence tenure segmentation variable. Panasonic is segment own new house or rent house. And Panasonic is targeted own new house segmentation variable. It is because the customer who are own new house need to purchase functional furniture. So, Panasonic is chosen them as target segmentation. Target audience Primary Target Market The primary target market of Panasonic magic health is targeted new own house. It is because Panasonic magic health is home use product and customer who are own new house need to purchase functional furniture. Therefore, Panasonic provides 2 different of colour and model product to give the new own house to select which model of product is suit new house design. Secondary Target Market The secondary target market of Panasonic magic health is targeted office worker. It is because the office worker is long period of sitting or busy with their work and not much free time to do exercise. Therefore, Panasonic is launch system e-cycle that alternates between hot and cold water to enhance blood circulation to make life healthier. Besides that, the office worker has to wake up early for their work and they need is a adjust shower system for the morning bath. Inferences Clear contact information At the bottom of the newspaper advertisement, Panasonic is provides the customer care centre number, working hours, address, and the company website. For the customer who intend purchase Panasonic magic health shower system back home. Layout of newspaper advertisement From the printing newspaper advertisement Panasonic is advert three quarter in a page. It is because, Panasonic want ensure the customer have seen the advertisement in newspaper. Headline of Panasonic Magic Health The inference of headline is that Immerse in wonders of Panasonic Magic Health. This headline in newspaper is message the customer enjoy the benefit provides by magic health shower system in their life. Panasonic Idea For Life The slogan Panasonic is ideas for life to represent the product and services base on ideas to enrich lifestyles, assist the innovation of society, making live more easily, and more comfortable. Energy- saving performance The Panasonic magic health shower system provides 43% less electricity usage and 20% less water usage. This features can helps the customer to save more money from the long term usage by adding energy saving performance to the product. Safety product From the advertisement, we can found that there Panasonic is innovation and enhance the safety protection system on the product. It can make customer feel safe and confident to purchase the magic health shower system. Innovation Panasonic magic health is combination e-cycle and e-hybrid to bring new technology to meet the customer need. Customer can be adjusts temperature and enjoy the massage to feel energised and relaxed. Visual element Panasonic used image as visual element to send the message to target audience. From the advertisement, we can found the different type of model of shower system to show the customer. Besides that, Panasonic is using black and white word explains the product features and benefit to give customer who are intend to purchase and know more detail of product.

My Baby - A Cute, Fat, Difficult, and Unexpected Blessing :: Personal Narrative essay about myself

My Baby - A Cute, Fat, Difficult, and Unexpected Blessing "You are going to have a baby" seven words that changed my life. On April 14th, I woke up and didn't want to go to school because I wasn't feeling well. My mom came into my room and asked me if I was going to get out of bed and go to school. I told her that I needed to go to the doctor. "Why, are you sick?" she asked. "No, I think I'm pregnant." We both just sat there and cried together. I knew then what I should not have done that night. A baby would take up all my time, the time that I needed to grow up myself. I got up, dressed myself, and didn't bother putting any make-up on because I knew I would probably be crying. We went into the doctor's office and found out that I was a little over three months pregnant. When the nurse said those seven words, I started to cry. I looked over at my mom and she had tears in her eyes. I didn't know what to think. I wanted it to be a dream, that I would wake up from and everything would be okay. We then listened to the heartbeat, which was really fast. It was really neat and it made us cry some more. The nurses asked me a whole bunch of questions, gave me on some prenatal pills to sample, and then told me to schedule an appointment to come back sometime next week. They acted like it was no big deal. Well, it was, didn't they realize that I was only seventeen years old, a senior, and not even out of high school yet. I could no longer be the carefree cheerleader, who had fun with her friends every weekend, and played beach volleyball at her cou sin's house. Now I was going to have a baby of my own, a little person that would be totally dependent on me. I was really scared; I didn't know what I was going to do. Many different questions popped into my mind on what I could do. Do I really want to keep this baby? Should I give it up for adoption? My Baby - A Cute, Fat, Difficult, and Unexpected Blessing :: Personal Narrative essay about myself My Baby - A Cute, Fat, Difficult, and Unexpected Blessing "You are going to have a baby" seven words that changed my life. On April 14th, I woke up and didn't want to go to school because I wasn't feeling well. My mom came into my room and asked me if I was going to get out of bed and go to school. I told her that I needed to go to the doctor. "Why, are you sick?" she asked. "No, I think I'm pregnant." We both just sat there and cried together. I knew then what I should not have done that night. A baby would take up all my time, the time that I needed to grow up myself. I got up, dressed myself, and didn't bother putting any make-up on because I knew I would probably be crying. We went into the doctor's office and found out that I was a little over three months pregnant. When the nurse said those seven words, I started to cry. I looked over at my mom and she had tears in her eyes. I didn't know what to think. I wanted it to be a dream, that I would wake up from and everything would be okay. We then listened to the heartbeat, which was really fast. It was really neat and it made us cry some more. The nurses asked me a whole bunch of questions, gave me on some prenatal pills to sample, and then told me to schedule an appointment to come back sometime next week. They acted like it was no big deal. Well, it was, didn't they realize that I was only seventeen years old, a senior, and not even out of high school yet. I could no longer be the carefree cheerleader, who had fun with her friends every weekend, and played beach volleyball at her cou sin's house. Now I was going to have a baby of my own, a little person that would be totally dependent on me. I was really scared; I didn't know what I was going to do. Many different questions popped into my mind on what I could do. Do I really want to keep this baby? Should I give it up for adoption?

Legalizing Physician-Assisted Suicide Essay -- Argumentative Essay

Physician-assisted suicide should be a legal option, if requested, for terminally ill patients. For decades the question has been asked and a clear answer has yet to surface. It was formed out of a profound commitment to the idea that personal end-of-life decisions should be made solely between a patient and a physician. Can someone's life be put into an answer? Shouldn't someone's decision in life be just that; their decision? When someone has suffered from a car accident, or battled long enough from cancer, shouldn't the option be available? Assisted suicide shouldn't be seen as cheating death, but as a way to pay homage to the life once lived. As far as including the mentally challenged in this equation, I am against it. The mentally challenged, although less likely to grasp information, still has the physical awareness to grow. It can be subdued with medicine and psychotherapy. From personal experience I am a witness of being around mentally challenged adults who love life regar dless of their conditions. Most don't have the ability to express a request such as life or death. Living life is a daily task just like it is for healthy citizens. Most if not all mentally challenged people aren't in any pain throughout their entire life. For this they shouldn't be targeted for assisted suicide. Death is an occurrence in life, whether it's unexpected or expected, it can't be cheated nor can it be avoided. The terminally ill should have the option to end their suffering with dignity. Assisted- physician suicide also goes by many names such as euthanasia. 'Euthanasia' rings an enormous bell as the same structure used during the holocaust in the 1940s. The difference between now and then is the innocent lives lost because of their inc... ...end ones terminally ill life should be up to the patient and no one else. Religion plays a major part on why the law hasn't been pasted yet. Just like the hippocratic oath, religion doesn't prohibit suicide in any way. One of the most basic commandments is â€Å"Thou shall not kill.† But no one knows where humans go once they past so it seems hypocritical to judge such situations on a myth. I do not encourage anyone to end their life nor would I request such a thing. However, I do support ones choice to die with dignity if facing medical reasoning such as terminal illness. The government should grant such request to honor their citizens. Works Cited http://www.balancedpolitics.org/assisted_suicide.htm http://euthanasia.procon.org/view.resource.php?resourceID=000134 http://www.religioustolerance.org/euthanas.htm http://www.assistedsuicide.org/future_of_right-to-

Media hollywood Essay

The media, and Hollywood in particular, represent one avenue in which the general public becomes familiar with the role of nurses. How does the media positively or negatively influence the public’s image of nursing? What other avenues may better educate the general public on the role and scope of nursing as well as the changing health care system? In Media, the portraying of nurses vary inaccurately in front of the viewing audience. The dominant image of nurse has always remained stereotype to majority of the viewers. In television nurses are tend to be just helpers of the physician in hospital but in actual life and situation its totally different. In TV serial named Grey anatomy and house it is represented that nurse are helpless , incompetent and physician are given a heroic image as representing triage medicine administration , providing psychosocial support , but in real world , it’s the nurse who do the above stated factor. However the grey anatomy doesn’t mention anything about it , its nurse a who has a prime role in giving a total patient care and to be with patient 24 * 7 The medical media drama has always shown physician as a dominant , at top notch equivalent to god and saving life of patient and nurses are relatively low skilled and differential to physician. As nurse are set to be feminine extremes as categortrized into naughty nurse and in thoughtful words of X description. But in contrary its reverse and nurse are seen autonomous in decision making for nurses expertise in medicine, public health and advance research. Experts have an understanding that media just undermine nursing profession and do not focus in health development issues and action in relation to it. As only government and university conceptualize it in last. In today highly equipped media world, nursing focus many issue like staff shortage, poor working condition, low pay in high responsibility environment and many more which is not visualized. The factors has totally undervalued nurses looking at them as uneducated.

Women have been dealing with what we call today as ‘gender issues’ (to be politically correct) since the beginning of time

Women have been dealing with what we call today as ‘gender issues' (to be politically correct) since the beginning of time. Most other people refer to it as chauvinism or discrimination. This thing however we refer to it as has existed since the beginning of time. Referring back to the bible times of Adam and Eve there was well documented issues of gender differences. We go back to the creation of ‘man' do you really think that man is superior because he was created first, or the fact that man was used to create woman? Or the fact that is was the woman who ate the fruit off of the forbidden tree, does that make the women less superior. Both man and women were ultimately created equal and everybody makes mistakes. Look at cave men for instance, have you ever heard the phrase cave women. No you haven't, when we picture ‘cave men' the way society has groomed the thoughts into our mind, we picture very unattractive men with their clubs dragging their women around by the hair. Women were there only to cook and to bare the children of the tribe. But why has society chosen to put these images out there for us to believe. Do we have any proof that their woman were dragged around by the hair, or is it a simple rhetoric devise to play in the mind of our subconscious thinking to lead us to believe that men have and always have been more superior than women. As the ages have passed not much has changed for women. It wasn't until WWII that women were even given the chance to work. During that era there were no men to work, the economy was taking a serious hit, so they looked upon the women to fill the positions that the men had filled for so long. The women took to their new roles as champions doing the manual hard labor in the factories, leaving their children at home to be cared for by another. During that time in our history I think many people have forgotten the significance of what happened. While then men in our country were out fighting and dying to ensure our freedom, the women were here keeping our country alive the best they could, and they succeeded. At that time women had no education and no training but they managed to be strong and get out there and fight. They also in a way fought for the freedom of our country, the men could have not succeeded without the women that took that stand. It is a known fact that even some fifty years later women do not receive the same opportunities as men. Women have earned the right to be considered as equals and deserve the same equal rights to work as men do. Women have earned that right and have fought for equality, but they still do not receive it. Women do not receive the same job opportunities, promotions and pay as men do. Men are more likely to gain the success in these areas than women, even if the woman is more qualified. Women are the caretakers of the world. Women are the ones who take care of the families; families are what form communities, communities are what make the nations. â€Å"If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society their families will flourish. When families flourish, communities and nations will flourish. † (Clinton, H. R. ). If women are successful they will be able to better provide for their families. In doing so, they give their families a better chance at a prosperous life. Society still has a long way to go; according to The American Prospect Inc. Over twenty-five years ago the United Nations developed a global bill of rights to end discrimination against women. The All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) was signed by all nations except the United States, Iran, Somalia, and Sudan. For years Jesse Helms led the attack against CEDAW, calling it the work of â€Å"radical feminists† with â€Å"anti-family agenda. † à ¢â‚¬Å"I do not intend to be pushed around by discourteous, demanding women,† he said proactively on the Senate floor in 1999. Helms, is no longer around to exercise his objections. George W. Bush is now standing in the way, even as he justifies two wars against fundamentalism, at least partly in the name of advancing the status of women abroad. † (Chesler, E). Which shows that this world still has along way to go before it sees women as equals. George W. Bush is worried about â€Å"advancing the status of women abroad†, but what about the status of the women right here in the United States. He is the president of the United States and not that of the women abroad. As long as we still have these views that women are not equal. Society will never gain the talent, perspective, and ambition for success that women can bring to the table. â€Å"Around the world, empowering women is now widely considered essential to expanding economic growth, reducing poverty, improving public health, sustaining the environment, and consolidating transitions from tyranny to democracy. A near universal consensus is calling for fundamental changes in practices that have denied rights to women for centuries. If the democrats retake the White House and/or the Senate, it will be rime to insist that the United States finally become an official party to this agreement. † (Chesler, E) A good example of empowering women right here in the United States is based on an article in the San Diego Union Tribune. Based on the statistic of the United Nations, â€Å"Women made up 16. 3 percent of parliament worldwide at the end of 2005, edging up from 15. 7 percent a year earlier. Based on this groups latest statistics, according to the annual survey women have made steady progress in elections since a landmark world conference in Beijing in 1995, when females made up just 11. 3 percent of the world's lawmakers. Women on an average made up 20 percent of the deputies elected in the 39 countries that held parliamentary elections last year. Out of nine countries more than 30 percent of those elected or returning to office in 2005 were women, with Norway topping the list at 37. 9 percent. † (Reuters 2006) The Inter- Parliamentary Union found that women fared the best in Nordic countries and the worst in Arab states. The United States on the other hand ranks 69th among the world's nations, with 66 women in the House of Representatives (15. 2 percent) and 14 female senators (14 percent). The proportion of female legislators fell in eight countries last year: Bolivia, Bulgaria, Denmark, Dominica, Egypt, Germany, Kyrgyzstan and St. Vincent, and the Grenadines. In two countries, Kyrgyzstan and Micronesia, elections were held in 2005, but no women won seats. In Saudi Arabia, whose parliament was appointed, no women were named because women there do not have the right to vote or run for election. Turns out, that brought the number to a total of nine countries without a single female lawmaker as of the end of last year in 2005: Kyrgyzstan, Micronesia, Nauru, Palau, St. Kitts and Nevis, Saudi Arabia, the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and the United Arab Emirates. A new and recent study has shown an impressive and dramatic change from the numbers that we have been seeing in the past. Since 1975 women from all different races have struggled to compete with men on a professional level. As it appears race as well as gender plays a big part in what kind of job one will get, not to mention how much they will be earning. From the graph below is information collected from the online almanac, and as you can see over the past twenty-eight years. White males have dominated the economy white men have maintained a hundred percent of the median annual earnings. While white women, on the other hand over the same twenty-eight year span have increased their median annual earnings by approximately twenty percent, and still only hold seventy-five percent of the median annual earnings. That is twenty five percent less than white men. The Wage Gap, by Gender and Race This graph shows the median annual earnings men and women of different races. It also measures the difference in wage earnings over a twenty -eight year period. As we can see from the graph above race plays an equal part in the effect of annual earnings. Black males are up only four percent in twenty eight years. Hispanic males are down by nine percent over the same twenty eight year span. Black women are up only ten percent and Hispanic women are up ten percent over the past twenty eight years. In America and in other countries all over the world it is about time to start breaking through the barriers and stereotypes that society has welcomed for too long. America should be a role model for the rest of the world. America is considered the land of the free, but as long as these barriers continue to discriminate and divide our country by race and color is it really free? Sure America is known for having the best opportunities in the world, but what is the benefit of having those opportunities if it is subject to race or gender? These are the questions that one must ask every time that thought of race or gender comes into question. That's just it; it shouldn't be a question or an issue. If the qualifications meet the need then there's your answer. Have you ever wondered if you were to submit a resume without a full name just a first initial and a last name what kind of response do you think you would get? Well let me give you some insight into what might happen. I tried this research method to prove my theory that men are more preferred for a job than women and the responses I received were unbelievable. I submitted my resume to several different lines of employment such as computer technology, emergency medical technician (E. M. T), and firefighter. I have significant experience, training, certifications in all these lines of employment. When I received calls from perspective employers they would call (my cell phone, my phone contact number listed on the resume and T. Torres as the name listed on the resume. ) and ask if Mr. Torres was available. Right there they automatically assumed that my gender was male when in fact I am female. When the correction was made the response that I received was even more amazing. All of a sudden they did not have any openings at the time but would call me in the future if anything was available. It is amazing that the judgments that are passed in society today based on your gender or race. We as society could accomplish more than we know if we eliminate gender and racial boundaries, not to mention to overcome the stereotypical images that society has painted for us to believe. According to Russian Education and Society, â€Å"Men hold stereo typical traits of professional competence, rational thinking and an active life stance. Women hold the stereotype of social and communicative skills, heartfelt warmth, and emotional support. † (Razumnikova, O. M. ). We, as society are blaming the gender issues on tradition or religion. Boys and girls are taught at a very early age that ‘girls do this and boys do that'. Eventually as the world progresses children should be taught that girls and boys can do anything alike. There is nothing a man can do that a woman can't, and this is how children should be raised. Motherhood shares the same responsibilities as fatherhood does. So in turn family obligation should not be a factor into a woman getting a job, a promotion or how successful she can be. Women's rights should not be talked upon as if they are separate from human rights. Women are in fact human and should be treated alike. There is a lot of talk classified as human rights, women's rights, and civil rights: they are one in the same, rights are rights and every person should be entitled to the same equal rights as the other, man or woman. I do truly believe that if this was the case the world could be and would be a better place.

Concept of Education Essay

Education involve training of entire person to enable them not only to read, write and calculate or to be proficient in a given job but also to enable them to fit themselves for living in the society, therefore, it is the training of a person intellectually, morally and physically. It is also an instrument for social development or social reform through individual development, education is a companion, it chastens vice and it guide virtues. Unarguably, education provides the means through which youths are informed in the aspects of living which are necessary for a happy and successful life. These aspects are the vocational and consumer aspect. Education is characterized with the following roles in the society: a. To develop social and individual efficiency. b. It aim at self fulfillment or realizations c. It prepare and train young people for the problems, tasks and leisure as they exist today and can be for seen tomorrow. d. It develops the full potentialities of every child. e. It makes people critical and creative. NATURE OF ENTRPRENEURSHIP Different individuals view entrepreneurship in different way, Economist see it as an essential investment generating opportunities, sociologist as an instigator in modernization of societies, Psychologist see him as an entrepreneurial man and try to decipher him as a character of economic development and the political scientists consider him as a child of political system (Bard i and Bard I 2005). Entrepreneur possesses the following features: 1. Innovation 2. Function of high achievement. 3. Organization building function. 4. Gap filling function. 5. Function of Managerial Skills and leadership. Who is an Entrepreneur? Entrepreneur is a person who undertakes an enterprise – acting as an intermediary between capital and labour. It is an individual who through a dint of work, grow a business from fruition to a lusty venture. An Entrepreneur must possess the following characteristics they are: 1. Moderate risk taking. 2. Problem solver. 3. Goal setting. 4. Team builder and motivator 5. Communication skills. 6. Good Human relation. CLASSIFICATION OF ENTREPRENEUR. a. The Innovation Entrepreneur. b. The Initiative Entrepreneur. c. The Fabian Entrepreneur. d. The Drone Entrepreneur. DISTINCTION BETWEEN AN ENTREPRENEUR AND MANAGER It is a common fact that people mistakes Entrepreneur for professional manager, who is appointed by the organization and paid while an Entrepreneur is not a paid manager. How be it, an entrepreneur is greatly motivated to start his new business and also manage it successfully, he is the investor and takes risks in the enterprise. He is an innovator and a manager and works for his satisfaction and he is happy to get positive results, an entrepreneur appoints a manager to carry out some of his functions, whereas the reverse is not true, an entrepreneur may also perform duties of manager in getting done his creative activities and satisfying need of achievement. CONCEPT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION. The United States Colorado educators, cited in Osuala (2004) defined Entrepreneurship Education as a programme or part of the education programme that prepares individual to undertake the information and operation of a small business enterprise, Entrepreneurship education involves a specialized training given to students of vocational business education to enable them acquire the skills, ideas and managerial abilities and capabilities for self employment rather than being employed, the aim of entrepreneurship education is to encourage and train the recipients to create self employment opportunities for themselves through developing new businesses. In this direction, Entrepreneurship Education is the key agent in the development of human creative and innovative talents in business. OBJECTIVE OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION Here under are the objectives for entrepreneurship education; 1. Provide graduate with enough training that will make them to be creative. 2. Provide small and medium size companies with the opportunity to recruit graduates who will receive training in skills relevant to the management of small business. 3. Provide the graduates with enough training in skills that will make them meet the manpower needs of the society. 4. Provide the graduates with enough training in risk management to make uncertain by bearing possible and easy. 5. Stimulate industrial and economic growth of rural and less developed areas. UNEMPLOYMENT AMONG GRADUATES * Unemployment is a state of joblessness or idleness of one with labour requirements, potentials, skills, attitudes and competencies (Bosah 1987). * It is a common phenomenon among graduate hence the need for entrepreneurship education, so as to reduce if not eradicated. This is because; unemployment has caused much havoc in our society today ranging from mental health, health disease, crime and violence, suicide case and even poverty. * The word â€Å"Poverty† has been variously perceived by many scholars. It could be expressed as the inability to secure for oneself the basic necessities of life. Poverty is one of the most common characteristics of majority of Nigeria today. * Poverty can be reduced through the following strategies: a. Promoting opportunity. b. Facilitating Empowerment. c. Enhancing security. * CONCEPT OF APPRENTICESHIP * Apprenticeship system can be conveniently defined as the learning of an art, trade or other callings by practical experience under the guidance of a master craft man. It involves strategy for acquiring occupational skills necessary for entrepreneurial development in our society. In Nigeria, Apprenticeship system is responsible for the production of most self employed artisans who have been playing significant role in keeping the country’s wheel of progress and economic activities on the move. It has for a long time constituted the main source of skill acquisition and development in very many trades including clothing and textiles. Till date, this system remains one of the gateways to escaping the scourge of poverty and the frustration of unemployment among youths in our society. * Problems Associated With Apprenticement A. The system is highly restricted to a particular trade. B. Lack of Admission Regulation. C. Vagueness of objectives. D. Lack of uniformity. E. Lack of statutory supervisory body. * NATIONAL DIRECTORATE OF EMPLOYMENT (NDE). * The National Directorate of Employment is an entrepreneurial training programme was established in 1986 and statutorily mandated by decree No 24 of 1989 to among others,; design and implement programmes to combat mass unemployment and articulate policies aimed at developing poverty work programmes with labour intensive potentials. The directorate is meant to tackle employment and poverty problems in both the short and the long term perspective by formulating and administering job creation as well as self employment related training programmess NDE (2000). * To perform these statutory functions, the directorate launched four well articulated training and employment generation programmes in 1987, these include; a. Vocational training. b. Business training. c. Training for rural employment. d. Training for labour based work programme. * CONCEPT OF VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION * Vocational Technical Education is a comprehensive term referring to the educational process where it involves, in addition to general education, the study of technologies and related sciences and the acquisition of practical skills and knowledge relating to occupations in various sectors of economic  and social life. * The major occupation areas of vocational technical education are as follows: a. Vocational agriculture b. Vocational business and office occupation. c. Distributive education. d. Vocational home economics education. e. Technical education. * OBJECTIVES OF VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION a. To prepare the learner for entry in employment and advancement in his chosen career. b. To meet the Manpower needs of the society. c. To increase the options available to each student. d. To serve as a motivating force to enhance all types of learning. e. To enable the recipients to wisely select a career. * CHALLENGES OF VOCATIONAL TECHNICAL EDUCATION IN NIGERIA * Vocational Technical Education in Nigeria today is challenged by numerous problems, they are: a. Reasonable number of private sector enterprises is not technically or skillfully driven. b. There is abject low level of attraction to technical and vocational education. c. Poor wage in vocational areas discourages individuals. d. Parents mostly encourage or have preference for courses that would enable their wards gain white collar jobs or graduation. e. Equipment and Infrastructure are inadequate technical and vocational institutions and training centers. * REMEDIES TO THE CHALLENGES a. Improve the profile of education and vocational education in particular. b. Increase investment in technical and vocational education delivery system whether at the school, the specialized colleges and within the firm. c. Encourage private sector investment in in-service technical and vocational education. d. Governments, particularly at the latter stages of their engagement with the technical and vocational education focused on growing the economy. * CONCEPT OF DISTRIBUTION IN ENTRPRENEURSHIP. * Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the channel of distribution both by action and by the virtue of their business activities. * Distribution functions provide viable entrepreneurial opportunities. The wholesalers, the retailers and business agents are altogether entrepreneurs by their respective business activities and operation. Distribution is an essential aspect of marketing and as such forms part of the inevitable activities in marketing, therefore having an effective channel of distribution is one of the surest strategies that could help entrepreneurs succeed or survive in their business. * CHANNEL OF DISTRIBUTION * Channel of distribution defines the various openings and outlets through which entrepreneur’s products get into the hands of the final consumers that is without the channel of distribution, the product cannot reach the final consumer and this will affect the standard of living. * CHAIN OF DISTRIBUTION * Producer – wholesaler – retailer – consumer. * Functions of each of them in the chain of distribution; * The Producer: the producer is also known as the manufacturer, He manufactures the goods or product which is distributed to the consumer. * The Wholesaler: He is a bulk purchaser that buys of the produce in large quantity and sell in to the retailer in small quantity or unit, His functions include: 1. Financing of production or Distribution. 2. Warehousing of Goods. 3. Channeling of Information. 4. Preparation of Goods for Sale. * The Retailer: He buys from the wholesaler in small unit and sell to the consumer in smaller unit; His functions include: 1. Stocking of a great variety of goods. 2. Provision of goods at accessible spots. 3. Information and guidance to the consumer. 4. Sharing of risks. 5. Financing of consumption. * TYPES OF AGENTS * Agents is a middle man between the channel of distribution for a firm’s products, Included among the types are: 1. Universal Agent. 2. General Agent. 3. Special Agent. 4. Delcredere Agent. 5. Factors Agent. 6. Brokers. 7. Forwarding and clearing Agents. 8. The Auctioneer. * TERMINATION OF AGENCY CONTRACT * An agency contract can be terminated if the following happen: 1. Bankruptcy of either party. 2. Death of either party. 3. Insanity of the principal or the agent. 4. The Inception of war between the countries of the two parties. * THE SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS. * These are business venture and organizations set up, owned and possibly managed by their owners, their start-up is as a result of the creative and Innovative ideas of the entrepreneur, which has been transformed or translated into an enterprise for the purposes of making profit. In most cases, this business is usually financed, managed, controlled and directed by one person usually the owner (entrepreneur). * FEATURES OF A SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS a. Profit maximization objective. b. Ownership is usually personal. c. Start-up capital is usually raised by the entrepreneur. d. The sole entrepreneur bears all the risks of his business. e. The life span of the business depends on the choice of the entrepreneur as the enterprise can fold up at any time. f. Meager capital. * ADVANTAGES OF SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS a. It requires small capital for start-up. b. Quick decision making. c. It is easy to manage. d. There is high level of secrecy in running the business. e. The sole entrepreneur maintains close links with his customers, assistants or employees and thus can easily identify their needs. * DISADVANTAGES OF SOLE ENTREPRENEURSHIP BUSINESS a. The sole entrepreneur bears all the risks of his business. b. The business suffers the problems of expansion due to limited fund or finance. c. The death of the owner may lead to the end of the business. * PARTNERSHIP ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS * It is a type of business organization in which two or twenty partners agree legally to set up and manage a business ventures with the sole motive of making profits and losses together. * FEATURES OF PARTNERSHIP BUSINESS a. It is own jointly by partners b. Its main objective is for profit making. c. The start-up capital is usually raised by partners. d. The life span of the partnership arrangement depends on the agreement of the involved partners. * ADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS 1. It have more financial standing as members pool together to raise fund for the business. 2. The risk of business is jointly shared. 3. It has better prospect for management as members pool their managerial skills and abilities to run the business. 4. It also have better prospect for continuity and expansion. 5. High level of commitment and participation by all partners. * DISADVANTAGES OF PARTNERSHIP ENTREPRENEUR BUSINESS 1. There is the possibility that disagreement among partners can put the business to an end. 2. Laxity in the operation of one partner can affect the entire operation thus leading to inefficiency. 3. Conflict of opinion or interest among partners can equally frustrate or undermine the management of the business. 4. The action of one reckless partner can pose much danger to the individual partners and the business itself. * PARTNERSHIP DEED * It is the rules and regulation governing the partners; who are in partnership, usually giving the details of arrangement on investment pattern, profit sharing ratio, role and responsibilities of each partner. DUTIES OF PARTNERS. The rights and duties of partners are as follows: a. All partners must work hard with sincerity and honesty for common objectives of the company. b. One partner should not start the same business in the some other business name to avoid unhealthy competition. c. All payment receivable and payable should be done in the company name only and not in any individuals name. d. There should be accuracy and clarity of cash-flow on accounts. e. Both working and non-working category of partners should exchange information pertaining the business. DISSOLUTION OF PARTNERSHIP. Since partnership is formed with an agreement, it can be also be dissolved with another agreement, the dissolution can be due to one or more of the following reasons, 1. At the expiration of the period of partnership. 2. Death or withdrawal one of the partners. 3. When there is a court or government order for dissolution. 4. Due to one or more partner misusing fund 5. In case of permanent incapacity, lunacy or grass misconduct of one or more partners. JOINT STOCK A Joint stock company is associations of individuals called shareholders, who join together for profit and shares that are transferable for carrying any business activity. FEATURES OF JOINT STOCK 1. Distinct legal entity. 2. Liability of members. 3. Perpetual succession. 4. Separation of ownership. 5. Authority. PRIVATE LIMITED COMPANY These are company formed by the group of person who pool the fund with the aim of making profit. It is registered with registrar of joint stock companies. It is formed by minimum of 2 and maximum of 50 persons. There is no public allotment of shares and debentures. PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY In this company, the minimum shareholders are 7 and no maximum limit of share holders, shares can be transferred to anybody. A public limited company has to issue a prospectus to the public and allot shares within 180 days of the issue of prospectus, and annual general meeting has to be arranged to inform the performance aspects and financial details to be posted in advance to all the shareholders. CO-OPERATIVE ENTERPRISES Co-operative societies are started basically to avoid exploitations by middle men, it possess the following characteristics: 1. It has combined features of partnership, companies and Joint stock companies. 2. Cooperate members are shareholder and share the profit. 3. All shareholders are equal and there is no concentration of wealth and power in few hands. 4. It is managed on minimum or no profits to help members get commodities at lesser than market rates. Examples of co0operative are: 1. Consumer co-operative society. 2. Farmer’s co-operative society. 3. Co-operative housing society. 4. Co-operative diary. 5. Co-operative banks. ADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES A. Common man is benefited by way of getting essential commodities at reasonable prices. B. Hoarding, black marketing is avoided. C. The cost advantages are shared by members. DISADVANTAGES OF CO-OPERATIVES A. Though office bearers are elected, there could be possibility of non-involvement and hence inefficiency. B. Some members in high position may dictate the office bearers. C. Routine check and verification on quality is difficult due to some other occupation of office bearers. CONCEPT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEUR Women have been identified as key agents sustainable development and the comprise half of human resources. Women Entrepreneurship is further defined as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of employment generated in the enterprise of women. Women entrepreneurship option includes: 1. Special bedspreads making. 2. Embroidery and apparel designs. 3. Catering services. 4. Hair dressing. 5. Photographic studio. CLASSIFICATION AND DESCRIPTION OF WOMEN ENTRPRENEURS A. Affluent Women Entrepreneur. B. Pull Factors Women Entrepreneurs. C. Rural Women Entrepreneurs. D. Self Employed Women Entrepreneurs. PROBLEMS OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 1. In a male dominant society, women are sometimes discouraged because some men believe that it is big risk financing the ventures run by women. 2. Financial Institution are skeptical about the entrepreneurial abilities of women. 3. Women’s family obligation also bar them becoming and developing nations. 4. Women give more emphasis to family ties and relationship. 5. Low level risk taking attitude. 6. HOW TO DEVELOP WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS 1. Encouraging women’s participation in decision-making. 2. Better educational facilities. 3. Counseling through the aid of committed NGO’s, Psychologist, managerial experts and technical personal. 4. Activities in which women are trained should focus on their marketability and profitability. 5. Financial and expertise assistance should be given to women entrepreneurs. Youth Entrepreneurship Development Objectives of Youth Entrepreneurship Development 1. To develop entrepreneurship spirit among youths in the country. 2. To generate employment opportunities for youths. 3. To assist Nigerian graduates to secure means of lively hood in the absence of paid employment. 4. To redirect the wasting of energies of our youths to more productive venture. 5. To assist to reduce the crime rate and incidence of social vises like armed robbery, kidnapping, thuggery etc. among our youths. Entrepreneurship Counseling Entrepreneurial counseling is quite a new area in the field of guidance and counseling; the youths in our society must be properly channeled, guided and assisted so as to imbibe a good life/ good conduct, a productive and rewarding economic life through micro-business start-up efforts. Entrepreneurial counseling services (a). Academic counseling services (b). vocational counseling services. (c). Occupational counseling. (d). Skill acquisition counseling. (e). Self employment counseling. Entrepreneurship and small scale business enterprises. Sometimes, entrepreneurship development is perceived as synonymous with small scale business, conceptually, they are not the same. Entrepreneurship is related to small scale business only by structure relevance. For a graduate to become an entrepreneur, he or she must; 1) . Develop a specific entrepreneurial skill. 2) . Develop motivation skills. 3) . Develop business skills. 4) . Develop financial literacy skill. 5) Acquire computer and information technology skills. Lesson from Ghana In Ghana, the most entrepreneurs cease operation at mainly the micro level and less than 5% of large businesses are Ghanaian owed. Another characteristic of Ghana entrepreneur situation is the alarming segment of entrepreneurs in the informal sector. The informal sector of Ghana is made up of about 90% of the working population (Baah and Achakoma, 2007). In Ghana about 48% represent the youth population which is from age 15-35 years of age. Like many African countries, Ghana’s population is fairly youthful (Baah, 2007). * Entrepreneurship in china used to be an oxymoron, but after the communist rose to power in 1949, China’s existing market economy was gradually transformed into a socialist economy. * *.