Aging Adults And Substance Abuse - 1861 Words

Monica Neumann Gerontology Fall 2015 As we read through this literature review, we will outline some of the findings from the most recent research from 2010-2015. The focus is on aging adults and substance abuse in the United States. The use of alcohol, and prescription medications among this population, also known as the â€Å"Baby Boomers† is a major concern. One focus will be on the prevalence of substance abuse (alcohol and prescription use) and the consequences both mentally and physically. Being apart of the aging population and substance abuse this can lead to misdiagnosing and treating substance abuse among the elderly. The Baby Boomer population is growing rapidly here in the United Sates and the issues of substance abuse and misuse among older adults is a concern. The prevalence of substance use among this population is increasing and the most common substances used are alcohol, prescription medications and over the counter medications. Continued use of alcohol and prescription drugs, we tend to see a rise in the number of older adults admitted to the hospital, with that comes higher healthcare costs. With the growing concern over the physical and mental health effects of substance abuse as the population of older adults continues to rise, the question is whether there are going to be enough treatment options available for this age group and if so, what type of treatment is best. With the aging population growing in the United States, the question is raisedShow MoreRelatedSubstance Abuse in Older Population1556 Words   |  6 Pages(Basca, 2008 Rothrauff, 2004). Symptoms such as confusion and cognitive decline that are sometimes seen in aging adults are often seen in those with SUDs. The Role of the Physician One of the first lines of defense in helping the elderly who are struggling with substance abuse is assisting them in recognizing there is a problem and correctly screening for substance abuse (Han et al., 2009). This primary role of the physician is essential to the treatment of the older patient’s medical needsRead MoreSubstance Abuse And Alcohol Abuse1477 Words   |  6 Pages A. Personally, I think that the biggest social issue in today’s society is substance abuse. Substance abuse is a dependence on an addictive substance, such as alcohol or drugs. These addictive substances can have very serious effects and come with risky consequences when using. Using and abusing substances can lead to both short and long term effects to your health. Short term effects can include increased heart rate, tremors, mood changes and dizziness. In high dosages the effects can be even greaterRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1473 Words   |  6 PagesInteragency Forum on Agi ng-Related Statistics, 2000). The nation’s population will increase 18% during and the population aged 65 and older will increase 78% ( Wan, Sengupta, Velkoff, DeBarros, 2005). One growing concern within the elderly population is that of substance abuse as it pertains to the increasing numbers of substance abusers, and/or the increasing rates of substance abuse among the elderly population. A national public health concern is that the rate of elderly substance abuse will rise sharplyRead MoreSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Essay example1705 Words   |  7 PagesSubstance Abuse and the Elderly Substance abuse in the elderly exists just as in any other population. Many seniors develop substance abuse problems due to circumstances or situations due to the aging process. A report by the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment/Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration indicates that 17% of adults age 60 and older are affected by alcohol abuse and abuse of legal drugs. The report also states that a third of those seniors who abuse substances didRead MoreSubstance Abuse in Older Populations1147 Words   |  5 PagesThe issue of substance misuse and abuse among the elderly population is complex. The elderly rarely use alcohol or drugs to get high rather drug or alcohol use that begins after age 60 appears fundamentally different (Culberson Ziska 2008). The elderly sometimes turn to alcohol and drugs to alleviate the physical and psychological pain from the onslaught of medical and psychiatric illness, the loss of loved ones or social isolation (Culberson Ziska 2008). Elderly patients have a combinationRead MoreAging Out of Foster Care Essay1272 Words   |  6 Pagesbecoming a legal adult, and are free from the rules and restrictions created under their parents. But not all teens feel the same joy about this coming of age. For the hundreds of thousands of children living in foster care in the United States, this new found freedom brings anxiety a nd fear. Where will they live after turning 18? How will they get the medications they may need? How will they find a job with little to no experience? How will they put themselves through school? Aging out of foster careRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Depression820 Words   |  4 PagesAlthough older adults are at increased risk of depression, it is not a normal part of aging (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention [CDC], 2015; Mental Health Association, 2016). Depression is among the leading causes of disability in the general adult population, ages 18 years and above (US Preventative Services Taskforce [USPST], 2016). The US Preventative Services Taskforce recommends that all adult patients be screened for depression (USPST, 2016). Approximately 6% of older adults, ages 65 andRead MoreSubstance Abuse Among The Elderly1668 Words   |  7 PagesAmerican elders are living in good health. As our aging baby boomers live longer, a substantial and growing percentage of older ad ults misuse alcohol, prescription drugs, or other substances (Bartel, Blow, Brockmann, 2005). In turn, substance abuse among the elder is generating major health concerns and a rapid need for prevention methods. Substance abuse among the elderly is a concealed epidemic in the United States. Alcohol and substance abuse often go unnoticed, unreported, and therefore, untreatedRead MoreSubstance Use And Abuse Among The Elderly Population2853 Words   |  12 Pages Substance Use and Abuse among the Elderly Population Joshua Antonio Dye Arkansas State University Introduction of the Issue The population of seniors and older adults are establishing an ever increasing concern to the United States and its system of health care. Life expectancy in America has increased and those who are blessed with old age are receiving all the side effects, from oral and health care concerns, to housing and nursing needs. Older adults are people aged sixtyRead MoreDrug Abuse Within The Elderly Population1135 Words   |  5 Pagesnumber of prescriptions written for controlled substances (those with an addictive quality) has increased more than 150% since 2008. Until recently, the social issue of drug abuse within the elderly population has not been widely understood or addressed. Because this is an issue affecting an ever-growing number of the country’s population, the focus of our practice based research project will be based primarily on the increasing number of older adults who are becoming addicted to prescription drugs

MRP II Inventory Management Free Essays

While MRP I primarily address the inbound flow of inventory (materials management), MRP II adds other interfaces such as finance, marketing, and integrated logistics. Like MRP I, MRP II is a push inventory model which pushes product through manufacturing and distribution processes in order to meet forecast demand. However, it adds further dimensions to the basic model. We will write a custom essay sample on MRP II: Inventory Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now MRP II not only considers the inbound flow of material, but also how much material can actually be handle within the plant. Furthermore, it actually handles production scheduling, labour needs, inventory budgets, and personnel needs. But the most important feature is the addition of the finance interface. This module provides the capability of transforming the operating production plans into financial terms, consequently the data can be used for financial planning and control purposes of a more general management nature. Another significant addition is the simulation module. This simulation capability enables management to perform a more comprehensive alternative planing work in developing the marketing and business plans. Operating variable could be regulated to examine the systemwide response to the proposed operating change. Besides MRP II includes the entire set of activities involved in the planning and control of production operations. It consists of a variety of functions of modules and includes production planing, resource requirement planning, master production scheduling, materials requirements planning (MRP I), shop floor control, and purchasing. Step 1 – Market Demand; the process begins with an aggregation demand from all sources. Examples of sources are firms† orders, forecasts, and safety stock requirements. Step 2- Production Plan; with inputs from manufacturing, finance, and marketing, the production plan would be derived. Step 3- Rough-cut capacity planning; it involves short-term capacity considerations that are affected by irregularities in demand. It formulates benchmarks for the proper use of personnel, machines, and shifts. Bills of capacity and bills of labour resources are the primary inputs to determine rough-cut capacity. In the event of incapability in producing the require output (due to limitation of capacity), adjustment to the production plan would be made. Step 4- Master production schedule; formulation of the master production schedules provides a realistic, detailed, statement of what the firm expects. It is more detail than the aggregate plan, it translates the aggregate plan into specific numbers of specific products to be produced in a specific period of time. Step 5- Material requirements planning (MRP); MRP is the heart of the entire process (MRP II). When MRP comes into play, material and schedule requirements would be generated. Step 6- Capacity requirements planning; at this stage, the capacity requirement planning determine whether the firm has enough capacity (e.g. worker, space, money) to meet the schedules. Again, if schedules could not be met, some adjustment in the master production schedule would be required else requirements would be scheduled. – Improved consistency in one-time customer delivery – Reduction in purchasing cost due to fewer expedited shipments – Inventory reduction of one-fourth to one-third (cost reduced) – Improve responsiveness to demand changes – Allowing more planning flexibility – Minimization of workforce overtime Problems in Implementation of MRP II Implementation an MRP II system is a monumental effort. The system requires a tremendous amount of information, which must be accurate if the system is to be successful. The MRP II systems is capable of affecting all function within Forges†s marketing, production, purchasing, accounting, finance and logistic. All personnel who have any interaction with the MRP II system require training. Further, Forges must be committed to make the MRP II system work. The problems that occur in implementing MRP are frequently organizational and behavioral rather than technical. Existing Systems and the Informal System If an MRP II system is replacing an existing production and inventory control system, Forges may see significant resistance to change, even if the existing system has been unsatisfactory. People generally resist to change, and they prefer the familiar to the unfamiliar. Also, when a system performs poorly, an informal system develops to deal with problems. For MRP II to operate effectively, the company must have a large amount of timely and accurate data. Besides, bill of material must be developed for all items. Furthermore, all the bill of material (BOM) must be reviewed, updated, and structured that provide the data needed by MRP II. This would not be a simple task. Frequency product changes and modification can make the process of developing a BOM challenging. To maintain the integrity of the BOM, the company must practice effective configuration control, that is, the company must control and coordinate changes to its products to ensure a smooth changeover to new product designs. After a system is installed, careful attention and discipline must be exercised to ensure at all data used by the system is accurate. For example, if a clerk is supposed to enter a code 3, indicating that the item is purchase in thousands, but instead enters code 1, indicating that it is purchase in dozens, serious error and material shortages are likely to occur. If a system gives erroneous data at times, people may develop other way to get the data they need and may no longer bother to update the system, since they no longer use it. The system could then become even less reliable and be a burden rather then a benefit. All MRP II data must be accurate to ensure system integrity, but the inventory data are the most difficult to maintain because they change frequency. The MRP II inventory data must be compared periodically with the actual physical inventory to maintain accuracy. Periodic counting involves more than just counting parts. Forges must maintain proper housekeeping so that parts are properly located, accessible and identified. When implementing MRP II for the first time, getting inventory under control can be a formidable task. Top-level managers and managers are in all parts of the organization that will be affected by MRP must clearly recognize all the efforts needed to achieve this new way of managing their activities. These mangers must fully support all the changes and must remain supportive of the new system. The participation of users of the system in its development will make the people more familiar with the system. Besides, they would also be more committed as they play a part in the system†s development. For the system to work, the entire user would have to be properly trained. Users must understand the system in order to used it effectively. A well-designed MRP system could help to improve a company†s operation greatly, however a poorly designed can lead a company into deep trouble. Wallace†s Proven Path for MRP Implementation According to Thomas Wallace, an MRP II expert, the implementation could be completed in 18 months. 12 months for implementing MRP, 3 months to â€Å"close the loop,† and three more months to implement MRP II. Figure above is a graphic representation of the implementation timetable. The process starts with first-cut education follows by developing a consensus that the company should implement MRP. Next, the education and training phase will begin and it is an ongoing activity even after implementation. By the second month, inventory accuracy and bill of material accuracy and structure will begin, they are the most time and labour consuming step. In the mid of the third month, production planning and MPS policies together with the system and software participation would start. By the eighth month, the first pilot program would commence. Subsequently the cutover phase would start. By the end of the twelveth month, the implementing of the basic MRP would be completed. The next three-month is for closing the MRP loop which encompass shop-floor control, capacity requirement planning and purchasing. Routings, work centers and system preparation will commence simultaneously. Once finished, another pilot program will commence follows by the cutover program. By the end of the fifteenth month, the MRP loop would be closed. How to cite MRP II: Inventory Management, Essay examples

How would you direct Act 3 Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet for a contemporary audience Essay Example For Students

How would you direct Act 3 Scene 1 of Romeo and Juliet for a contemporary audience? Essay The hardest thing to do is make Shakespeares words and his story relevant to todays viewers. What I mean is that it is hard to get the viewers to connect to the story. Youd think theyd get into a story about the doomed young lovers who are thwarting family and feud to fulfill their love for each other, but unfortunately just overcoming the language and difference in culture, traditions and behaviors from Shakespeares time to today is difficult. But having modern versions of Romeo and Juliet around makes the play more understandable for example the Baz Lurmans version of the film which was a modern version of Romeo and Juliet is much more appealing to this young audience. They can relate to the guns, the modern clothes, and cars scenes in the movie. By watching this updated version we have viewers who finally see what was going on behind the language and different culture. They can relate what Shakespeare was writing to things that go on in their own culture. This movie makes Romeo and Juliet relevant to a current secondary school students concerns, problems, and ideas about life. A theatre building usually has two parts which are the auditorium where the audience sit and watch the play and the stage where the play is preformed. Theatres back then in the Shakespearian time had no roofing which was very bad in winter, the ground pit where the poor people sat would be muddy and wet, the rich and the royals will enjoy a play in at the top of the theatre where they get comfortable seats and good view of the play. But looking at todays theatre where all the latest technology of lighting and sound effects and obviously the play is preformed in an indoor theatre, every one gets the same seats except the rich people, they would book a special room where its has its own balcony and well furnished, even though centuries past on, the theatres rules are the same, which means the poor people back then who are known as the working class are stamped on by the rich class even in theatres. The theatre was probably the only entertainment that people used to entertain them selve s by, now people only visit the theatre once a lifetime and sleep during the plays. Looking at the history of theatres and what has it done for us. The first proper theatre as we know it was the Theatre, built at Shore ditch in 1576. Before this time plays were performed in the courtyard of inns, or sometimes, in the houses of noblemen. A noble had to be careful about which play he allowed to be performed within his home, however anything that was controversial or political was likely to get him in trouble with the crown. After the Theatre, further open air playhouses opened in the London area, including the Rose (1587), and the Hope (1613). The most famous playhouse was the Globe (1599) built by the company in which Shakespeare had a stake. The Globe was only in use until 1613, when a canon fired during a performance of Henry VIII caught the roof on fire and the building burned to the ground. Theatre performances were held in the afternoon, because, of course, there was no artificial lighting. Women attended plays, though often the prosperous woman would wear a mas k to disguise her identity, no women performed in the plays. Female roles were generally performed by young boys. In my introduction there will be a backdrop of a bar, the doors will be broken. The stage will be empty except from a cactus in the corner of the stage, the audience will be hearing the wind whistling and hungry vultures screaming. By using these techniques the audience will be expecting a disaster as the stage is empty, which will build up tension and terror in the audiences souls. A tumble weed will be dancing in and out of the stage during the major parts of the play, during fights the stage lights will be flashing very fast and as soon as it stops the stage will go dark for a couple of seconds, and maybe a scream or two throughout the dead scenes of the play which will drop the audiences hearts. As I said before these techniques build up tension amongst the audience. The costumes will be based on wild western clothes in which I mean a large hat, a plain colored shirt, a waist coat worn over the shirt, a jean trouser with an extra layer of leather on top of the jean preferably bro wn. The prince will be wearing a long white fur coat which will show to the audience he is a man of fairness and peace. .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 , .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .postImageUrl , .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 , .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:hover , .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:visited , .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:active { border:0!important; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:active , .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34 .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u1c968d04ea52a252ae514558cc431b34:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Julius Caesar EssayThe opening scenes of act 3 scene 1 will be the entrance of Benvolio and Mercutio with their hand on their hats and they are walking across the stage with difficulty, the sound on the backstage will play a windy weather, the weather calms down and they sit outside the vandalized bar. Mercutio becomes bored the audience can tell that because the Mercutio stares at Benvolio for a minute and the stage goes quiet, suddenly the audiences hearts are awakened by a screaming vulture, Mercutio starts to laugh. Mercutio starts to tease Benvolio, he taps him on the head saying thy head is full of quarrel as an egg is full of meat A thunder storm blazes through the stage and Benvolio hops of his seat crying by my head here comes the Capulets Mercutio smile and crosses his legs and shouts out by my heal I car not after this the character of Mercutio will appear to the crowd as a brave person. The stage will be dead quiet and the smoke will start to concur the stage, a spot light will focus on Tybalt as he marches into the stage, Tybalt will walk and stand a inch away from Mercutio then he turns to the side and spits on the floor and demand to know where Romeo is, by then the audience will think Tybalt is a powerful character because he doesnt seem to careless about the others presence, Benvolio as he is the peaceful character keeps holding back Mercutio away, and Mercutio is very furious and starts clenching his fists. Mercutio will then Push Benvolio out of the way and steps up nose to nose to Tybalt and challenges him, Tybalt will replys you should find me apt to that sir by replying with full manners he is showing Mercutio that he is not afraid or angry. Romeo enters the stage whistling from happiness after him being wed to Juliet he will then freeze and look directly into Tybalts eyes, Furiously Tybalt will say here come my man which will inform the audience that Tybalt is here for Romeo. Tybalt will then take two guns out and hold one and the other gives to Romeo but Romeo will refuse. Mercutio will shout out I will And he gets a reply faster than lightning by Tybalt that he agrees. Then Tybalt will turn around to look at Romeo then turns back to Mercutio and draws his gun Romeo will start running and screaming no and suddenly the light will die out, anticipation will build across the audience. The light will awake and the crowd will be struck with this scene of Mercutio lying dead on the floor and Benvolio sitting beside him, here the lights will go out. A tumbleweed rolls will roll across the lifeless stage, Rome will walk in the stage and looking up in the sky, then a voice calling Romeo, Romeo and it will keep getting nearer, Benvolio will enter the stage, he will be breathless, He will then be on his knees saying brave Mercutio is dead, Romeo will collapse on his knees and takes his hat off, Romeo will start to cry he will then blame his love for Juliet for making him a soft soul. He will then wipe the tears of his eyes and starts looking left and right like a freak and leaves the stage running, the audience will think Romeo has gone mad. The stage will go dark and lifeless, a horses roar will bring back life in the stage, Tybalt will enter the stage, and he will be out of breath, Tybalt will sit on a bench, he will be looking left and right constantly. Romeo will enter the stage Tybalt will hop up and start walking backwards, Romeo will draw his gun faster than lightning and shoot Tybalt, and the sound of the gun will be maximiz ed. Benvolio enters the stage and sees Tybalt on the floor dead, Benvolio will start to panic and a fast repeated music will play, Romeo will be told by Benvolio to flee, so Romeo leaves the stage running. .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb , .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .postImageUrl , .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb , .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:hover , .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:visited , .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:active { border:0!important; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:active , .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u712cb0db5324a5976d17fef686a232fb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Discuss the effectiveness of the opening of Tim Burton's 'Edward Scissorhands' EssayThe prince, Capulets and Montagues enter the stage, the Capulets will stare at the Montagues and their facial expressions will change to angry and furious expressions, the audience will get a clear view of the situation of the hatred and feud between the two families. The price will stand in the middle and say Romeo will be exiled out of Verona, the lady Montague will be shocked and will burst into tears, Montague will look down on the floor and leave the stage in a shame. The Capulets will leave the stage in joy, here Act 3 Scene 1will come to an end and the Curtains will drop down.

Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics

For some time, during and after Canada’s financial crisis in 2008, it was considered fashionable to refer to the country as a regulatory and fiscal prudence paragon. In the years preceding the crisis, the government in Canada involved in budget surpluses. This enabled the country to grow the economy, while avoiding huge debt loads.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Extremely high debt loads are experienced in Spain and Greece. Moreover, the banking system in Canada underwent critical capital requirements. It is also worth noting that they were more averse to risks, as opposed to the counterparts in Europe and America (Von Hagen, Schuknecht Wolswijk, 2011). Maybe the most vital aspect is that Canada did not engage in the kind of real estate experiences as is the case in Great Britain and the United States. This is as a result of the str ingent lending standards. In addition, there is no mortgage interest deductibility. The financial crisis experienced worldwide paralyses financial institutions in the developed countries. In addition, it led to bailouts in countries, as well as banks. It is worth noting that the financial sector in Canada was not greatly affected by the financial crisis, even in the absence of taxpayer- financed bailouts. Moreover, the banking sector in Canada remained extremely well capitalized and stable. There are several measures that Canada took to safeguard the stability in its financial system (Reinhart Rogoff, 2008). It is worth mentioning that slightly before the crisis, the bank funding structure was extremely favourable. This is because banks depended more on depository as opposed to wholesale funding. The second strategy is that Canada possesses extremely restrictive capital sufficiency regulatory measures globally. This is in regard to the allowed capital deductions, risk- weighting, a s well as permissible regulatory capital definitions. Furthermore, the banking system’s structure in Canada is attributable for making the sector more solid. In the country, tight measures as well as heavy regulation upon entry resulted to extremely concentrated banking systems. These were dominated by five of the biggest competitors.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Whereas this system is responsible for making the sector slightly less competitive, the sector became more regulatory. This, consequently, reduced the banking sector’s shadow size. The dilemma concerning regulators is a trade- off, which supervisors regularly face as far as stability and competitiveness are concerned. In my opinion, the performance of the economy prior to the crisis, the 2-4 % yearly GDP growth rate in 1999- 2008, as well as the banking sector while the crisis was on going indicate that the country has a perfect balance (Afonso, Kovner Schoar, 2011). As mentioned earlier, the funding structure in Canada was extremely favourable. This is as a result of the Canadian banks reliance on depository as opposed to wholesale funding. Huang and Ratnovski (2009) argue that in banks where funding was dependent on deposits, there was great resilience during the financial crisis. This was the opposite for banks that had a greater reliance on wholesale funding. The liquidity ratios and capitalization were a source of strength for the banks in Canada. This is irrespective of the fact that they were not more in OECD jurisdiction. It is worth noting with keen concern that the exposure Canada to the mortgage assets in the United States was minimal. According to Erkens, Hung and Matos (2012), this is in comparison to the other countries in OECD. In addition, domestic mortgage lending was considered keenly in US. The regulatory framework gave limits to the risks that the banking sector undertook. Traditionally, the nation possesses stringent capital sufficiency regulatory measures as opposed to other more developed economies. This is even before the Basel Accord. Studies indicate that Canada possessed the tightest supervisory capital strategies prior to the financial crisis. 15% of capital is as a result of attractive financial instruments. On the other hand, seventy five percent results from common equity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Moreover, the regulatory framework acts as a restriction for maximum multiple assets. These regulations were responsible for preventing the Canadian banks from assets that eventually turned out to be toxic. Another idea is that the regulations were responsible for the great capital requirements, which were past the requirements stated by Basel Accords. The banking system arrangeme nt is conventionally attributable to the stability experienced in the sector. The stringent precincts and heavy protocols upon entry, resulted to a banking system, which was highly focused. While the sector was rendered less competitive, regulating the sector was made easier. It is the reason why the Canadian system is attributed to great equity returns. The financial system in Canada offers several insights in regard to the creation of firm banking system (Financial Post, 2012). This refer to banks that are well- capitalized and have little leverage, transparency in the systems, risks have links, reward, performance, and an acceptable culture. The Canadian banks were extremely successful since they never engaged in sophisticated financial trades, compared to the counterparts in the United States. Consequently, the financial system was capable of withstanding the turmoil and avoiding bailouts. According to Mark Carney, â€Å"Wholesale reforms of regulation, changes to policy and ad justment of private behaviour are required. We should all approach these tasks with a measure of humility.† References Afonso, G., Kovner, A., Schoar, A. (2011). Stressed, not frozen: The federal funds market in the financial crisis, The Journal of Finance, 66(4), 1109-1139. Erkens, D. H., Hung, M., Matos, P. (2012). Corporate governance in the 2007–2008 financial crisis: Evidence from financial institutions worldwide, Journal of Corporate Finance, 18(2), 389-411. Financial Post. (2012). Mark Carney’s Most Memorable Quotes. Web.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Reinhart, C. M., Rogoff, K. S. (2008). Is the 2007 US sub-prime financial crisis so different? An international historical comparison (No. w13761). National Bureau of Economic Research, 21(2), 1- 92. Von Hagen, J., Schuknecht, L., Wolswijk, G. (2011). Government bond risk premiums in the EU revisited: The Impact of the financial crisis. European Journal of Political Economy, 27(1), 36-43. This essay on Policies in Canada to Enhance Economics was written and submitted by user GitHoskins to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.