What is Social Psychology? Essay -- Social Influences, Behaviors, Feel

Essay Title Social PsychologySocial psychology is a across-the-board concept which has underlying elements of studying on how we behave, foresee and feel. Myers (2011) agrees that social psychologist investigates these connections by studying on how we persuade others and how we relate to other humans. Miller (2004) stated that bulk of social psychologist would acknowledge that the perspective of social psychology is one that emphasises the social changes in the environment from the influence of individual. Kassin, Fein and Markus (2013) argues that humans are really fascinated or so social interaction and personal relationships, which the social context can have an immense influence on our lives. Furthermore, social psychology applies to all aspects of our lives, which I train to be fascinating category of psychology because we have to communicate to each other, express our feeling towards another and engage intimately with the opposite sex. In instauration of social human be ings, we are interacting with everybody in social situations, for examples we are corresponding with our friends via social networking websites such as facebook, twitter and email accounts we are talking to our dummy up family members on the mobile phone we are networking with professionals, recruitment consultants and employers in networking events. In addition our beliefs can cause significant changes in our social situations. For instance our ghostly beliefs or political beliefs can inspire and have huge impact over many people parents with strong religious beliefs can instil the same(p) traditions and ethical principles to their children, however there is a possibility that their children can grow up with similar ways of thoughts as their parents. ... ...ogical Factors in Competitive Sport. Oxford Psychology hug Eiser, J., R. ( 1986) Social Psychology Attitudes, Cognition and Social Behaviour. Cambridge Cambridge University PressMaio, G.,R. , Haddock, G. (2009) The Psycholo gy of Attitudes and Attitude Change. capital of the United Kingdom SAGE Publications LTDMartin, G., N.( 2008) Psychology A beginners Guide. Oxford Oneworld PublicationsKalat, J., W.( 2010) Introduction to Psychology. London Cengage LearningTuffin, K.( 2004) Understanding Critical Social Psychology. London Sage Publications LtdFlick, U.(ed.) ( 1998) The Psychology of the Social. Cambridge Cambridge University PressLovaglia, M.( 2006) Knowing People The Personal Use of Social Psychology. 2nd edition. mendelevium Rowman & Littlefield PublishersBurr, V.(2002) The Person in Social Psychology. East Sussex Psychology Press

Pigments Essay examples -- History, Prehistoric Painters

Pigments From prehistoric times, humans had discovered that pigments could be used to colour a surface and they have left over(p) their mark on their environment in the form of painted images 7. Prehistoric painters used the pigments available in the vicinity of their homes. These pigments were the so-called earth pigments, soot from longing animal fat and charcoal from the fire. The colours available were yellow ochre, red ochre, and black 7, but with time, more colours were being discovered. In general, pigments are drear material which is insoluble in a medium where they are incorporated 8. Pigments will tend to absorb certain wavelength of light and reflect the others 9. Wavelength reflected will understand the colour of the pigment. Dyes are coloured material which will dissolve in the medium and lose their crystal or particulate structure during the process 9.Pigments give the gate be classified into synthetic pigments and natural pigments 8. The examples of natural pigmen ts founded in animals and vegetables are carotenoids, chlorophyll, melanins, flavins, quinones, and anthocyanins 5, 6, 10. In the industry, pigments are widely used as colouring agents in discolour of cottons, silks and wool sample 11.2.1.1Synthetic PigmentsThe first chemically synthesised pigments were made in Germany in 1704 by Diesbach who manufactured red lake pigments using potash and alkali as substrate 7. Synthetic pigments can be divided into inorganic and organic pigments. Synthetic inorganic pigments usually composed by metal oxide or unite which from by the host of metal oxides. Moreover, the inorganic pigments possess thermal and chemical stabilities at high temperature. Most of the inorganic pigments are derived from toxic meta... ...-degradable. The increase of the advancement wastes caused serious global environmental problem 36. Therefore, the development of biodegradable packaging materials from renewable natural resources has received widespread government supp ort in EU countries and many national or international organisations 35.The term biodegradable materials is used to describe those materials which can be degraded by the enzymatic action of existing organisms, such as bacteria, yeasts, fungi and the ultimate end-products of the degradation process 37. Biodegradable packaging materials may be broadly classified into biodegradable polymers and biopolymers based on whether the dominating ingredient is synthetic oil-based polymer or a biologically derived polymer. Biopolymers are naturally occurring long-chain molecules such as cellulose, polysaccharides, proteins and DNA 35.

Comparing Red Badge of Courage and Great Expectations :: comparison compare contrast essays

Red Badge of Courage and Great Expectations   The hero of The Red Badge of Courage, which was written by Stephen extend in the late 1800s, was a young private named heat content Fleming, who was fighting for the North in the American Civil War. Like Pip, in Great Expectations, Henry was a commoner. He was new to the Army and few people knew his name. The main difference between Henry and the earlier heroes is that Henry was not born with leadership qualities or traits like bravery. In fact, in the first battle he fought, he proved himself to be a coward by running from it.       Henrys flaws were very correspondent to those of Pip and the Greek heroes. Arrogance was a flaw that many Greek mortal heroes, especially Odysseus and Oedipus, had. When Henry realized that none of his fellow soldiers were aware that he had run from the first battle, he regained his self-pride and self-confidence. Before long, he had convinced himself that he was chosen of the gods and doomed to greatness. At first, Pip believed that status and wealth located the goodness of a person. Henry had similar illusions. He believed that a war hero was a person who could manage to escape every tight dapple he got into, and also a godly figure people looked up to and were fascinated by. His other illusions were that the only the best could survive against the hideous dragons of war, and that the enemy was a machine that never tired or lost will to fight.       An important difference between Henry and the Greek heroes was that Henrys flaws were recognized by the people of Cranes day, whereas the Greeks did not see any flaws in their heroes, like Odysseus (they thought traits like arrogance were cool). Another difference between Henry and the Greek heroes can be seen in their heroic acts. Greek war heroes were praised for their outward bravery and military genius (how many enemy soldiers they killed, or how they were able to trick the enemy). Near the end, Henry was a war hero in the eyes of his fellow soldiers and commanding officers (he fought fearlessly and led charges), but what was truly heroic about Henry was the way he changed and developed.

Woodrow Wilson and the Treaty of Versailles :: League of Nations

Woodrow Wilson was born in 1856. He became Americas 28th president. His tyro was a strict Christian minister and Woodrow Wilson was brought up in a family unit associated with such beliefs. He was educated at Princeton and then at the University of Virginia and seat Hopkins University. In 1890, he was appointed a professor at Princeton, a slur he held until 1902. From 1902 to 1910, Woodrow Wilson was president of Princeton.In 1910, Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New tee shirt for the Democrats. He swiftly got national fame for his social reforms in New Jersey and in 1912 won the presidential option.From 1914 to 1917, he observed a strict disinterest in the Great War but the activities of German U-boats forced his hand particularly with the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 which killed 128 American citizens. On April 6th 1917, America entered the struggle as an associated power rather than as an ally of France and Britain. Ironically, Woodrow Wilson had won the 1916 na tional election on the slogan He kept us out of struggle.During the peace talks at Versailles, Woodrow Wilson presented a moderate voice. He had no doubts that Germany should be punished, but he wanted those in power punished - non the people. On January 1918, Woodrow Wilson had issued his Fourteen Points as a basis for peace. He also had an report for a confederation of Nations to maintain reality peace. In international affairs, Woodrow Wilson prove somewhat nave. He wanted to place the trust for future world peace in the hands of the League of Nations, yet America refused to associate it. By refusing to join the League, the American political structure had seriously weakened the antecedent of the United Nations. Woodrow Wilson spent time after 1919 criss-crossing America trying to look at the idea of the League. On September 26th 1919, he collapsed and his political career end suddenly. He was an invalid for the rest of his life and died in 1924.Woodrow Wilson and the Tr eaty of Versailles League of NationsWoodrow Wilson was born in 1856. He became Americas 28th president. His father was a strict Christian minister and Woodrow Wilson was brought up in a household associated with such beliefs. He was educated at Princeton and then at the University of Virginia and John Hopkins University. In 1890, he was appointed a professor at Princeton, a position he held until 1902. From 1902 to 1910, Woodrow Wilson was president of Princeton.In 1910, Woodrow Wilson was elected governor of New Jersey for the Democrats. He swiftly got national fame for his social reforms in New Jersey and in 1912 won the presidential election.From 1914 to 1917, he observed a strict neutrality in the Great War but the activities of German U-boats forced his hand especially with the sinking of the Lusitania in 1915 which killed 128 American citizens. On April 6th 1917, America entered the war as an associated power rather than as an ally of France and Britain. Ironically, Woodrow Wilson had won the 1916 national election on the slogan He kept us out of war.During the peace talks at Versailles, Woodrow Wilson presented a moderate voice. He had no doubts that Germany should be punished, but he wanted those in power punished - not the people. On January 1918, Woodrow Wilson had issued his Fourteen Points as a basis for peace. He also had an idea for a League of Nations to maintain world peace. In international affairs, Woodrow Wilson proved somewhat nave. He wanted to place the trust for future world peace in the hands of the League of Nations, yet America refused to join it. By refusing to join the League, the American political structure had seriously weakened the forerunner of the United Nations. Woodrow Wilson spent time after 1919 criss-crossing America trying to sell the idea of the League. On September 26th 1919, he collapsed and his political career ended suddenly. He was an invalid for the rest of his life and died in 1924.

Madness and Insanity in Shakespeares Hamlet - Hamlet, the Melancholy

Hamlet, the Melancholy Hero The reader/viewer finds in Shakespeares tragedy Hamlet that the booster amplifier is a melancholy type this quality remains with him from beginning to end of the tragedy. And this melancholy hero will be the subject-matter of this essay. Harry Levin explains in the General penetration to The Riverside Shakespeare how the dramatist employs imagery in the play to enhance the melancholic dimension of the hero The sphere of Shakespeares images is so vast and rich in itself that it has been investigated and charted for clues to his personal temperament. But though we can follow up associations of thought through his image-clusters, these are subordinated to his controlling purposes as a playwright. The imagery fulfills a geomorphologic and a thematic function, linking together a train of ideas or projecting a scheme of values. It enhances the strain of melancholy in Hamlet by hearth on sickness and decay. . . (14). The depressing aspect of the initial i magery of the drama is described by Marchette Chute in The Story Told in Hamlet The accounting opens in the cold and dark of a winter night in Denmark, while the guard is being changed on the battlements of the royal castle of Elsinore. For two nights in succession, just as the bell strikes the hour of one, a ghost has appeared on the battlements, a figure dressed in complete armor and with a governance like that of the dead king of Denmark, Hamlets father (35). Horatio and Marcellus exit the ghost-ridden ramparts of Elsinore intending to enlist the aid of Hamlet. The prince is dejected by the oerhasty marriage of his mother to his uncle little than two months after the funeral of Hamlets father. There is ... ...999. Rpt. from Introduction to Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Ed. Philip Edwards. N. P. Cambridge University P., 1985. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Mack, Maynard. The World of Ha mlet. Yale Review. vol. 41 (1952) p. 502-23. Rpt. in Shakespeare Modern Essays in Criticism. Rev. ed. Ed. Leonard F. Dean. sensitive York Oxford University P., 1967. Rosenberg, Marvin. Laertes An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat. Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ Univ. of Delaware P., 1992. Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http//www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html No line nos.

History Of The Internet :: essays research papers

History of The InternetThe Internet is a worldwide connection of thousands of computer networks.All of them speak the same language, TCP/IP, the standard protocol. The Internetallows mess with access to these networks to sh be information and knowledge.Resources available on the Internet are chat groups, electronic mail, newsgroups, filetransfers, and the World Wide Web. The Internet has no centralized assurance andit is uncensored. The Internet belongs to everyone and to no one.The Internet is structured in a hierarchy. At the top, each country has atleast one public backbone network. gritstone networks are made of high speedlines that connect to other backbones. there are thousands of service providersand networks that connect home or college users to the backbone networks. Today,there are to a greater extent than fifty-thousand networks in more than one-hundred countriesworldwide. However, it all started with one network.In the early 1960s the Cold War was escalating and the United StatesGovernment was faced with a problem. How could the country advance after anuclear war? The Pentagons Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA, had asolution. They would create a non-centralized network that linked from city tocity, and base to base. The network was knowing to function when parts of itwere destroyed. The network could not have a center because it would be aprimary target for enemies. In 1969, ARPANET was created, named after itsoriginal Pentagon sponsor. There were four supercomputer stations, called nodes,on this high speed network.ARPANET grew during the 1970s as more and more supercomputer stations wereadded. The users of ARPANET had changed the high speed network to an electronicpost office. Scientists and researchers used ARPANET to get together on projectsand to trade notes. Eventually, people used ARPANET for leisure activities suchas chatting. Soon after, the mailing list was developed. Mailing lists werediscussion groups of people who would s end their messages via e-mail to a groupaddress, and also receive messages. This could be done twenty-four hours a day.Interestingly, the first groups topic was called Science Fiction Lovers.As ARPANET became larger, a more sophisticated and standard protocol wasneeded. The protocol would have to link users from other small networks toARPANET, the main network. The standard protocol invented in 1977 was calledTCP/IP. Because of TCP/IP, connecting to ARPANET by any other network was madepossible. In 1983, the military portion of ARPANET broke off and formed MILNET.The same year, TCP/IP was made a standard and it was being used by everyone. Itlinked all parts of the branching complex networks, which soon came to be called

Media Studies †Relationship between a media genre and society Essay

On one level, dystopian films have a direct relationship with order. By their very definition, dystopian films present a negative representation of a rising or alternate society. They are often mis-labeled as science simile films because of their futuristic setting but although here are obvious similarities, their overriding artisticness is more closely united to another genre film-noir. Stylistically, adult maley dystopian films hark back to the sternest times in Western Societys recent past indirectly referringto the barks of the depression, the oppression of totalitarian governments and the horrors of humanity state of war Two, reinvented into a fictionalized, dark next. More recently, post 9/11 fears have informed the ideas of dystopian films.Wikipedias definition of dystopia clearly illustrates this connection A dystopia is any society considered to be undesirable and is most usually apply to refer to a fictional (often near-future) society where current social trends are taken to nightmarish extremes. It is the second phonation of this definition that is particularity relevant to this essay Dystopian films are inseparably connected to the society in which they are created, inducing a nightmarish future by reflecting issues, concerns, fears or values that populate in the public consciousness of that particular society.The central premise of these films is of a world gone mad, sometimes by dint of the greed, ignorance or stupidity of man, sometimes though external influences. These dystopian worlds may be shaped my social, technological, medical, environmental, political or economic forces. Within this environment, there is (usually) an single who realizes the flaw and tries to challenge or rectify it. Depending on the filmmaker and the viewing market, it will either end happily, with the protagonist victorious or not. Wikipedias definition concludes that, a dystopian all too closely connected to current-day society. Three dystopian films, cr eated in different societies at different times, all display the connection between society and genre, albeit in very different ways. These films are Fritz Langs Metropolis (1926), Andrew Nichols Gattaca (1997) and Alfonzo Cuarons Children of Men (2006).Metropolis is widely regarded as the first science fiction film, although it also can be seen as the blueprint for Dystopian films, Inspired by the skyline of 1920s Manhattan, Lang created a throbbing, dystopian uber-city of the year 2000, where a decadent aristocracy thrives on the swear of fighting hoards underground. Filtered through both German Expressionism and Christian symbolism, this dark fairy tale pits man against machine, and the head against the heart. Metropolis can be easily read as a criticism of capitalism and the social and economic divisions in post WW1 Germany. Its resolution suggests a socialist solution, built on mutual respect and closer link between the head, and the hands . An economically depressed post Wor ld War one German society, including an ambitious politician, Adolf Hitler, certainly identified this story with their own lives.Ironically, Jewish Langs criticism of the ranked nature of German society and how the downtrodden masses in the city of Metropolis turn quickly to violence is a visionary vision of the rise of fascism. The ideas behind Metropolis were drawn from coeval German society, although it was Langs visit to New York in 1924 that inspired his city of the future. He described this first real metropolis as, a street as if in full daylight lit by neon lights and topping them, oversized, luminous advertisements, moving, turning, flashing on and off, spiralingthe buildings seemed to be a vertical veil, shimmering closely weightless, a luxurious cloth hung from the dark sky to dazzle. From this impression, Land and his designers shaped their futuristic city by blending of all the latest artistic trends, of which Germany was at the forefront Art Deco, Surrealism and Expr essionism. Here we see societys influence on this work.Another important cinematic technological advancement was the revolutionary special effects of Eugen Schfftan, who created advanced visual displays widely acclaimed in following years. Among the effects used are miniatures of the city, a camera on a swing, and most notably, the questionable Schfftan process, the use of models and mirrors to create the illusion of varying scale, later also used by men such as Peter Jackson in his nobleman of the Rings trilogy. The scene where Rotwang creates the robot Hel in Marias likeness still amazes as a masterpiece of special effects, as well as commenting on the possible negative effects of technology when placed in the wrong hands.Mid to early 20th century Dystopian fiction/films were mostly concerned with totalitarian governments, faceless bureaucracy, surveillance and control issues. They were a reflection of the political chaos of the middle of the century, where World War Two, the advent of the Cold War and other global run afouls threatened the democratic way of life. Films such as On the Beach and Forbidden Planet all referenced the growing conflict between the Soviet Union and the USA, and the threat of alien invasion and nuclear holocaust.New Zealand director Andrew Nicols Gattaca is set in a near-future America where, non-enhanced babies are innate(p) only to the poor and the sexually reckless. Those who can afford it consult with a genetic technician before initiating a pregnancy, and select their future childs traits for optimum success sex, life expectancy, intelligence, and appearance. Children with pre-selected genes are classified at birth as Valids. They are the ruling elite, eligible for top careers and entitled to high social status. In-Valids labor at unskilled jobs with no way up or out. Clearly, the ideas of genetic selection has direct links to the unlocking of the DNA Genome (Gattaca itself is named after the letters used in describing DNA ) and the explosion of gene science taking place in the late 90s.Gattaca acts as a warning to western society about this fast-advancing sphere of influence of science, and where it could all lead. The film celebrates the stubbornness and cunningness of Vincent, an In-Valid, with a serious heart defect who defeats his genetically superior brother and the system through determination and belief. Gattaca is a jubilation of the triumph of human spirit over a pre-ordained existence. Like many other mainstream dystopian films, Gattacas narrative construct follows an individuals struggle and victory against the system, offering hope over defeat for its audience.It seems that most Dystopian films are aim to frighten and provoke. And what makes these films, and this genre work, is their ability to tap into the ideas and beliefs of contemporary society. As a rule, the more realistic and alarming a dystopia is, the more frightening and provoking it is. One such recent film that explores the possibilities and probabilities of its societys future is Alfonzo Cuarons Children of Men. The 2007 film set in 2027 shows that for the past 18 years, no humans have been born, due to some medical disaster. It is the end of the human escape and civilization has collapsed, apart from in Britain, where the film is set.However, to keep a semblance of order, draconian laws control who may stay in Britainshades of pre-war Germany, where fear of outsiders is used to control the populated. What makes this film so plausible is not necessarily the plot but world that has been created around the characters and storyline. There are references to post 9/11 America and their governments Homeland Security Bill, where the removal of freedoms by the government are justified for the greater good. This always leads to the Uprising of the take and downtrodden. Curaon populates this world with a present-day whos who of pressure groups, which allow the audience to make connections with society. Like a ll dystopian films, Children of Men show how those things that already exist in our society could lead to if left unchallenged.Regardless of when these films are made, they take contemporary concerns of the society in which they are created and take them to a nightmarish conclusion. Philosopher Slavoj Zizeks summaries of dystopian films do not point toward alternate reality, they simply make reality more that what it already is. The nightmare that we are expecting is here. This is a genre that has captured the idea of the filmmakers and audiences alike as it is in our nature to speculate on where the events of today will lead. It is the creativity and imagination of the filmmakers that will determine how successful their vision is.

Enterprise Resource Planning and Software Systems Essay

Hershey Food Corporation, the biggest manufacturer of dulcify products in the United States, decided to fulfil a new Enterprise Resource Planning carcass entitle Enterprise 21 starting in 1996. The ERP system consisted of many contrasting software systems. These systems included SAP AG, Manugistics, and Siebel systems. With the slaying of these software systems, Hershey gestated its mass market candy business strategy would be emphasized.Hersheys Expected Benefits of Enterprise 21Hershey had many terminuss for Enterprise 21. In general, Hershey had a goal of upgrading and standardizing the hardware and software systems. In attempt to upgrade the hardware, Hershey moved from a mainframe-based network to a client-server network. This upgrade would allow for Hershey to use and share its knowledge with people inside the company as well as distributors outside the company, a critical aspect of establishing good customer relationships.The upgrade and standardization of the software system was a much large goal. The SAP system, which allows for communication within company functions, was to be installed with other software systems. Manugistics software system would be used to forecast production and scheduling. Manugistics would also be useful as a transportation management system. The benefit of this system would greatly lower inventory holding costs and transportation costs, the two largest expenses in logisticals management. Hershey also decided to implement Siebel systems, which is designed to aid in establishing and maintaining customer relationships, as well as a measuring device of the effectiveness of merchandise strategies.Hersheys Implementation ApproachThe first part of Hersheys implementation process started with the installation of a bar-coding system. A bar-coding system is necessary to improve logistic management by tracking inbound and outbound materials and products. Due to a modification of the SAP system, Hershey decided to move the targe t date of the installation of the system to April of 1999. This new date meant the company had only thirty nine months to complete the implementation instead of the forty eight months originally forecasted. Due to the delay of the implementation of the full SAP system, the Siebel and Manugistics systems were also delayed. Because of the delays, the implementation of the new ERP system immediately caused problems because by mid July, when Halloween orders were arriving, the system had just been installed.Due to Halloween orders already arriving, Hersheys information technology personnel decided to implement the ERP system using the cutover strategy, a very risky ascend where all systems go into affect all at once. This approach failed, causing shortages with distributors of Hershey products. These shortages lead to bad customer relationships with distributors which further lead to bad relationships with their customers. Hershey could have used a much better implementation approach b y slowly implementing their new system. The cutover strategy caused great confusion for employees who both entered orders and communicated those orders to production facilities and to employees who filled orders in warehouses.Causes of the Problems and Who is ResponsibleThere are many different theories on the causes of the implementation failures of Hersheys ERP system. Many believed that the software systems were not functioning properly. However, this was not the case, as these systems were operating smoothly in different units of Hershey. I believe the cause was directly related to the failure to use the systems properly. Due to the rushed implementation of the system, training and preparation of the new system was not properly or thoroughly conducted. Employees were confused not only how to operate the system but also did not see how the different software systems fit together. With better education and training, employees would have been equal to(p) to process orders much mo re effectively and efficiently.The knowledge we have that the SAP system, along with Siebel and Manugistics, was working properly in other regions takes forth the ability to blame the software companies for this ERP system failure. The blame has to be put in the hands of the information technology managers, as they were the personnel that decided to implement this system at such a fast pace. However, business managers and executives should have raised questions about the training of employees and potential disasters this system can cause. After all, the goal of an integrated ERP system is to link the different aspects of a business and to increase the communication between employees. Although IT personnel made the implementation approach decision, executives and managers should have had a larger role in the process before changing operations drastically as their busiest season was quickly approaching.Impacts on the Hershey OrganizationThe largest impact that the Hershey system of rules had to deal with was the effect on the customer relationships. In an extremely competitive and global business world, customer relationships are one of the most important aspects of having a successful business. As noted in the article, distributors were unable to receive Hershey products, which further affected their customer relationships. This lead to a loss of distribution warehouse quadrangle as well as shelf space in stores, which forced customers to choose substitutes.ConclusionAlthough Hershey suffered huge losses in 1999 and part of 2000, they rebounded strongly in 2000. The reputation of quality products is what I believe to be the reason for their comeback. Without Hersheys prior strong reputation and strong customer relationships, Hershey would not have been able to recover from this ERP system failure. All companies should use this failure as a guideline when implementing new software systems. Corporations must cautiously implement their systems in a manner that allows proper employee training and production efficiency while still maintaining customer relationships.

Concept of Sustainble Development Essay

The tradition concept of reading has for a con cheekrable period of time been driven by scotch considerations. Exploitation of internal resources which leads to environsal degradation motivated by targets of maximum profits has been the norm and little regard has been granted to the side effects of study initiatives. Gradual escalation of awareness and realisation of the range as well as the magnitude of environmental effects of development initiatives led to worldwide discussions on the substance forward. Consequently, the concept sustainable development was conceived. However, this concept is perceived to be oxymoron by environmentalists, in other terms it is viewed as a combination of two contradicting terminologies. In view of the above, this essay checkeavours to explain with relevant specific examples the reason why environmentalists consider the concept sustainable development as an oxymoron.In order to contribute a good argument, two literature definitions of sustaina ble development shall be given. This will be followed by an explanation why sustainable development is considered to be oxymoron and this shall be supported by examples. And only when after then shall a conclusion be stressed. According to the Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Resources (2007 V) sustainable development is be as, development that repletes the needs and aspirations of the present generation without ca utilise deterioration and without compromising the ability to meet the needs of future generations. On the other hand Todaro and smith (2003) asserted that sustainable development entails both intra-generational and inter-generational equity. These concepts project a requirement of the present generation to meet their needs and aspirations without destroying the ability of the future generations to come and meet their needs and aspirations. As earlier alluded to, the concept sustainable development is a mixture of two words with distinct opposing interpret ations.According to Arend and Eureta (2002) sustainability entails the maintenance of the comical diversity of plants, animals and insects that exist on earth. The other term development is known as a multidimensional phenomenon which has several aspects namely economic, social, political, cultural and environmental. It is imperative to acknowledge the fact that true development involves a record of progress in all the dimensions of the development process. Further more than, it is also necessary to be cognisant of the target that the environment and global systems which embroils development are a series of dynamic and interconnected processes changing and interacting all overtime, (Todaro and smith, 2003). From the definitions provided above, it is apparent that the two expressions sustainability and development contradict each other. This is due to the point that sustainability emphasizes on maintaining diversity and productivity of vivid resources overtime.On the contrary, natural resources fuel the process of development thitherfore, development cannot be a reality without consuming natural resources. The global community is hungry for development as a result people are constantly improving their livelihoods and welfare so as to benefit higher standards of living through many innovations such as technology which in turn negatively impact on the environment. The question which maybe asked here is what forms the basis of livelihoods? (ECZ, 2008). According to ECZ (2000), the environment is the cornerstone of our livelihoods because biological resources are the primary sources of economic development thus development is all about consuming natural resources. Besides development, population dynamics also exert pressure on natural resources. With a clear reflection that development is all about the engagement of natural resources, how then can sustainability be transformed into actuality?This is the question asked by many environmental practioners. It i s evident through many global development initiatives how mercurial natural resources are being utilized in order to achieve desired development targets. The two terminologies sustainability and development can be compared to a truism that says two cobras cannot stay in the equal mountain one has to die or eventually leave the mountain. Therefore, sustainability and development are two cobras staying in the same mountain. The implication according to environmentalists is that, if we are to achieve ultimate sustainability then development should be out of the picture, (Energy Regulation Board, 2007). In Zambia, development programmes are using environmental resources at an increasing rate. With a fast growing population, the drive to meet goals set out in national development strategies and in outside(a) conventions, most recently defined in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), has likewise accelerated. As an example to illustrate the contradiction between sustainability and development, urbanisation in Chipata territorial dominion can be utilized.As by definition, urbanisation may also mean development of land into residential, commercial and industrial properties. Urbanisation in Chipata has resulted in a number of negative environmental impacts which pay waywardly bear upon the diversity of biological resources. Consequential environmental effects include deforestation which has enkindle excessive vegetative removal of tree cover along streams and on hills around Chipata town. Furthermore, land degradation due to urbanization is also prevalent in Chipata and this has led to soil eroding, sand and earth mining and degradation of catchment areas of Lunkhwakwa and Lutembwe rivers, (ECZ, 2008). Chipata district has over 56,000 hectors of land under protection and most areas are threatened by encroachment and deforestation due to urbanisation. Urbanisation in Chipata can be considered as progress from a developmental perspective because more houses, shops and industries shake up been erected and this has modernistic peoples livelihoods in terms of increased housing facilities and employment opportunities.However, this contradicts with sustainability because there has been excessive destruction of forests on the hills of Chipata which has resulted in extreme soil erosion down the slope, (ECZ, 2008). With reference to the economic dimension of the development process, the construction and expansion of mining as well as manufacturing industries can be perceived as progress. This is due to the fact that the existence of operational industries attracts various benefits to the local people. Firstly, job opportunities are created for the local and this helps them sustain their lives by acquiring wages at the end of each month. Salaries obtained by people from employment give them the ability to command their basic needs such as food, shelter and clothes, (MoFNP, 2006). The mining industry has compete a pivotal role in the developm ent of the country.However, the availability of exposed, accessible and near surface mineral deposits are increasingly becoming scarce requiring more expensive equipment to locate deeper buried ore deposits. This has led to gigantic environmental degradation due to the use of heavy sophisticated earth moving machines. For instance, when Konkola copper Mines (KCM) took over from Zambia Consolidated Copper Mines (ZCCM) on the copperbelt, Chingola and Chililabombwe in particular. After a while later, the production scale was upgraded and this created employment opportunities for over three thousand individuals who were unemployed, (MoFNP, 2006).Other benefits include improved infrastructure such as roads and schools as well as better health services. According to economists and development planners this was considered as national development because the lives of people were improved. However, the view of economists and development planners contradict with that of environmentalists beca use an elevation in the production scale of any industry is problematic as far as environmental sustainability is concerned because of unsustainable production strategies that hamper a good quality of life, (ECZ, 2011).According to ECZ (2008) mining activities especially large-scale open pit mining has negatively affected the environment resulting into environmental degradation. Among the prominent open pit mines are Nchanga, Kansanshi and Maamba collieries. Despite development enhanced by these mines, industrial operations of these sites have caused the contamination of sublunary ecosystems mostly ascribed to dust fall-out and this has been a draw back as far as the maintenance of biological resources diversity and productivity are concerned. Kafue River on the copperbelt was dirty by Konkola copper Mines Plc due to toxic substances which were discharged into the water body. This occurrence negatively affected marine ecosystems which resulted in a depletion of certain species.Wat er resources have been affected by climate change and other factors such as increase in population growth, industry and agriculture which are induced by development. Unfortunately, there has been no corresponding expansion of sewerage infrastructure and solid waste disposal facilities and most of them are in a poor state, scorn the increasing rate of development and this actually curbs sustainability. However, it must be realized that only after the get going tree has been cut, only after the last river has been poisoned, only after the last fish has been caught only then will it be discovered that money cannot be eaten, (ECZ, 2008). Human sustainability has also been affected due to the side effects of development which have made the environment unsafe to support a good quality of life.The rate at which development is happening has hurl so much pressure on the environment and this has resulted into various environmental issues such as air pollution, water pollution, land polluti on and ozone layer depletion among others. environmentalists have identified that increasing industrial operations in Zambia have negatively influenced life expectancy and infant mortality rate. For example, adult survivorship levels have been declining in the last twenty years following rapid development trends. Life expectancy for females dropped from 46 years in 1980 to 44 years and 29 years in 2000. In the same category for males it was 44 years in 1980, 42 years in 1990 and 23 years in 2000. Diseases associated with environmental degradation include malaria, tuberculosis, asthma, bronchitis and dysentery among others and these so far have claimed quite a considerable number of lives, (MoFNP, 2006).In conclusion, it can be said that development and sustainability are two ends of the same continuum. Whichever example of development one might think of such as industrialization and housing, they are unsustainable, unless that development is related to green technologies or meant to counter the adverse effectives of development. In the end, the solution is a compromise because people need sustainability but cannot progress without development, hence, sustainable development. We can have development as long as we put measures in place to minimise environment damage. These measures include environmental impact assessments, environmental audits and strategic environmental assessments among others, hereafter ensuring sustainability.REFERENCESArend. H and Eureta. J (2002). Environmental Encyclopaedia South Africa Eco-Logic Publication.ECZ (2000). The State of the Environment in Zambia. Lusaka Environmental Council of Zambia.ECZ (2008). Zambia Environment Outlook Report 3. Lusaka Environmental Council of Zambia.ECZ (2011). The Enviroline ECZ Magazine Issue zero(prenominal) 33, January-April 2011. Lusaka Environmental Council of Zambia.Energy Regulation Board, (2007). Energy Regulations Board Energy Sector Report-2006. Ministry of Tourism, Environment and Natural Re sources (2007).National Policy On The Environment. Lusaka MTENR.Ministry of pay and National Planning (2006). Economic Report. Lusaka Zambia.Todaro M.P and Smith S.C (2003). Economic development.8th edition.New Delhi, Pearson Publication.

Final Exam Guide Essay

psyche 1 How would you define successful attractorship? What standard do you apply when evaluating lead success? Is it possible to predict success based on organizational cultures or other factors? Provide examples to support your answer. resolve victorious leadership is the ability to channel and coordinate the energy of the group to attain the desired goals of the note. It is the capacity to motivate and inspire followers to go beyond the withdrawnness of their perceived limitations, to rise to the challenges of the task at hand, and to seek out innovative and novel solutions. In a word, success leadership is empowering. As Eleanor Roosevelt once said, A good leader inspires people to have confidence in the leader a great leader inspires people to have confidence in themselves. A successful leadership stooge be evaluated by the following standards a) Example A successful leader leads by example, which is the key to authentic leadership. This is demonstrated by working hard, making difficult decisions, taking risks, and personal sacrifices. b) Integrity in that location be no shortcuts to success. A successful leader is honest, dependable and uncompromising on his or her work and business ethics.c) Solid goals A successful leader has solid goals and direction, which argon communicated to the team. The leader makes the team identify and take ownership of the businesss goals in order to motivate them to achieve these goals. d) Knowledge A leader is equipped with knowledge and skills necessary for the enterprise. The leader leverages the teams outflank chance of success by knowing and understanding the obstacles, competition and risks present in an endeavor. e) Autonomous A successful leader provides for autonomy by empowering the members to think, bring in and own the solution to a problem. f) High Expectations A successful leader expects a high level of excellence from the team. Expectations create results people want to uplifted of their work. However, high expectation does not mean perfection. Rather, it is learning through with(predicate) experience and errors, and creation accountable for ones mistakes.g) Humility A successful leader knows the value ofteamwork and gives credit where it is due. leadershiphip is not about personalities it is about directing the groups efforts toward the completion of an endeavor. h) Execution A successful leader has the right to get things done. He or she can bridge the gap between theory and positive execution of a plan. Nagavara Ramarao Narayana Murthy is an Indian businessman and co-founder of Infosys, which was founded in 1981. Mr. Murthy served as CEO of Infosys from 1982 to 2002, and as chairman from 2002 to 2011.He stepped down from the board in 2011, and became Chairman Emeritus. Mr. Murthy embodies the ideals of a successful leadership. He is a top leader, an institution builder, and an IT legend. He empowered his executives, management team and workers. He encouraged an d nurtured leadership qualities in the organization through mentoring and training. He institutionalized ethical values of honesty and haleness throughout the organization. Question 2 What methods exist to develop leaders in an organization? What methods does your organization use? Why? Have any methods been counterproductive? In what ways? SolutionThere are various approaches to leadership ontogenesis in an organization that will be briefly describes as follows 1) Formal increase Programs In its basic format, a formal program consists of a classroom seminar covering basic theories and principles of leadership. It can be in the form of a tailor-made development program fitted to serve the needs of the specific organization. It can also be open-enrollment programs offered by private and academic institutions. 2) 3600 Feedback This is also known as a multi-source feedback, and a multi-rater feedback. This method involves systematically collecting assessments of a persons performa nce from different sources, which typically consists of supervisors, peers, subordinates, customers, and other stakeholders. 3) Executive Coaching This method is specify as a practical, goal-oriented form of personal and one-on-one learning. Coaching is usually used to improve individual performance, enhance a career, or work through organizational issues.4) Job Assignments This method works under the assumption that experience is the best teacher. This method trains would-be leaders in an organization by handsome them a variety of job assignments that will expose them to different work environments hence, it allows them to adapt, and become betterstrategic thinkers. 5) Mentoring Mentoring programs typically pair a senior and a junior manager, but pairing can also occur between peers. Mentoring involves advising and passing on lessons learned from the senior to the junior partner. 6) Networking Some organizations include development activities designed to foster broader indivi dual networks for better connection with partners in a global community. Leaders are expected to know not only the in and out of the organization, but also know who in terms of problem-solving resources. 7) Reflection Introspection and reflection can foster self-understanding and understanding from lessons learned from experience. In leadership development, reflection can be used to uncover a persons hidden goals, talents, and values, as well as their impact on a persons work.8) Action Learning This is a project-based learning method characterized by a continuous process of learning and reflection, aided by colleagues, and with an tension on getting things done. This method connects individual development to the process of helping organizations respond to major business problems. 9) Outdoor Challenges This is a team-building experience in an outdoor(a) or wilderness setting, designed to overcome risk-taking fears, and to promote teamwork and leadership skills. Our organization uses formal programs to develop leaders. Recognizing that a classroom-based learning, while easy and flexible, is limited in the actual transfer of competencies, the formal program serves as a shell under which various development methods are incorporated.Hence, the formal program is structured by cartel theoretical learning and problem-based learning. Then, a 360-degree feedback is given to each participant, which serves as a basis for an in-depth reflection. For most people, the 360-degree feedback is difficult to handle for several reasons. The primary reason is an built-in opposition to diversity. Another reason is the overwhelming amount of data, which can be complex, inconsistent, and difficult to interpret and translate into an action or behavior that can sort out a given problem. Mere knowledge and acceptance of ones developmental needs are not enough to bring about change. There is a need for follow-up guidance and support. That is why participants are also given short -term coaching to identify specific areas of concern and how to resolve these concerns.Question 3 In The Art and Science of Leadership, Nahavandi writes about the dark side of power. Provide an example. What organizational factors contributed to the leaders behavior? What were consequences of the behavior? SolutionNahavandi cites decadency as the dark side of power. An example of a scandal that shocked the corporate world was the case of the German engineering giant Siemens in 2006. A regulatory investigation revealed that hundreds of employees, spearheaded by Siemens top executives, had been siphoning millions of Euros into bogus deals to pay massive bribes to government officials and business contacts to win contracts in Russia and Nigeria. A test judge described the scandal as a blatant disregard of business ethics and a systematic send of organized irresponsibility that was implicitly condoned by management.The scandal resulted to the departure of Siemens top executives, incl uding then CEO Klaus Kleinfield, who was ulterior convicted of corruption, placed on probation for 2 years, and fined 160,000 Euro for his complicity. Hans-Werner Hartmann, who was the accounting head in the associations telecommunications arm, was also placed on probation for 18 months and fined 40,000 Euro. The scandal cost Siemens round 2.5 billion Euro to pay for fines, reparations and damages. The firm was also barred from traffic with certain clients. The cost to Siemens employees, who had to endure intense public scrutiny and shame, is difficult to quantify.Organizational factors that contributed to a culture of bribery within Siemens were set as follows an aggressive growth strategy that compelled managers to resort to bribes in order to meet performance targets a complex and matrix- similar organizational structure that allowed divisions to operate independently, with no established checks and balances poor accounting processesa corporate culture openly tolerant of bri bes.It should be noted that bribes were tax-deductible, and were the norms, not the exceptions, in German business practice at that time.Question 4 What obstacles exist for leaders involved in participatory management? What methods may a leader employ to overcome these obstacles?SolutionParticipative management, also known as employee involvement and empowerment, encourages the participation of all the organizations stakeholders in the analysis of problems, development of strategies, and implementation of solutions. While participative management seems like a utopian ideal, leaders face many obstacles in its effective implementation.One obstacle is encouraging the participation of employees in the managerial process of readying and making decisions. Employees may not fully participate due to lack of competencies, lack of confidence, and fear of rejection. Another reason is the employees lack of trust that his or her contributions will be valued. The presence of tension and rivalry among employees are also barriers to effective communication, and ability to work together. Leaders can address these issues by being sincere in their desire to implement participative management. Leaders should strengthen communication within the workplace, and initiate team-building activities to strengthen bonds between peers, and between employees and management. Training programs should also be initiated to develop employees competencies, leadership skills and self-confidence.Once employees are fully committed to engage in participative management, other obstacles arise, which includes the amplification of the complexity of the organizations activities and the growing ledger of information that managerial decisions are based on. These can lead to difficulty in getting things done, and slow response time to issues that need fast reactions and actions. Leaders cannot solve these obstacles alone these require the concerted effort of the entire organization.However, leaders can ta ke the lead in delegating responsibilities to reduce the hierarchic levels in the organization, and to decentralized authority so that the organization can respond to issues quickly and efficiently. Leaders can also establish quality circles, which are composed of around 8 to 10 employees along with the supervisor who share areas of responsibility among themselves. These circles can meet regularly to discuss problems in their respective areas andbrainstorm for solutions, which they can later present to the entire organization as a fully developed action plan. In this way, the complexity of participative management is simplified.Another obstacle to participative management concerns security measure issues. It is harder to ensure confidential information stays within the organization when more people are involved in managerial decisions. This confidential information can include patents, and product research and development. Leaders can address this obstacle by motivating employees t o be accountable for their actions and to stay committed to the company by valuing their contributions. Question 5 What are some reasons employees and managers resist change? As a leader, what methods would you use to help employees and managers adapt to change? SolutionAdaptability to change is a prerequisite to become successful in the modern world characterized by increasing global awareness and fast turnover of technology. Organizations must respond to change and be willing to change to retain their competitive edge and relevance. However, implementing organizational changes are daunting for leaders, not least because most employees and managers resist change. The common reasons why employees resist change are the following change promotes fear, insecurity and uncertainty,difference in perception and lack of understanding,reaction against the way change is presented,cynicism and lack of trust,and threats to vested interest.In order to overcome resistance to change, leaders can i nvolve workers in the change process by openly communicating about the need for change, providing hearing to alleviate employees fears, and being sensitive to employees concerns. In order to implement change, leaders must decide on the method they will use to overcome resistance to change, and modify behavior. The three-step approach is an example of such a method it is characterized by three basic stages unfreezing, changing, and refreezing. 1) Unfreezing Most people prefer to maintain the status quo, which isassociated with stability, quite an than confronting the need for change. The starting stage, therefore, of a change process must involve unfreezing old behaviors, processes, and structures.This stage develops an awareness of the need for change, and the forces that supports and resists change. Awareness is facilitated with one-on-one discussions, presentations to groups, memos, reports, company newsletter, seminars, and demonstrations. These activities are designed to educa te employees about the deficiencies of the current set-up and the benefits of the replacement. 2) Changing This stage focuses on learning new behaviors, and implementing the change. Change is facilitated when employees become uncomfortable with the identified deficiencies of the old system, and are presented with new behaviors, role models, and support structures. 3) Refreezing This stage focuses on reinforcing new behaviors, usually done by positive results, public recognition, and rewards.

The Death Penalty Shall Stay

The United States is known for its big capital penalty or termination punishment mentality. However, passions in the U.S. argon sharply divided, and equally strong among both supporters and protesters of the end penalty. The death penalty in this country should not be eliminated though. First, death is the only just punishment for murderers. Second, life with come out parole is far more expensive than a death sentence. Lastly, capital punishment serves as a baulk for future potential criminals. All in all, it is important that the death penalty remains in the United States.When a murderer is executed, the message to the criminal and ordering is that the crime he committed is so heinous he forfeits his own right to live. Justice for All states that juries do not impose the death penalty loosely. They continue to explain that the death penalty is imposed with a sense of protection and justice, not revenge (Social Issues Justice for All). The death penalty punishment is gain as a r esult of the pain and suffering the criminal has caused on the victim and the victims loved ones. For some crimes, it represents the only just punishment available on earth (Sharp). Also, our society has nonetheless steadily moved to more humane methods of carrying out capital punishment.Many opponents of the death penalty fight that the salute of capital punishment is about twice as expensive as life without parole punishments. Although the upfront costs for the death penalty are in fact higher than the costs for life without parole cases, this concept flips as the years pass. Justice for All states that life without parole cases will cost $1.2 million-$3.6 million more over time than equivalent death penalty cases (Sharp). Another factor that opponents of the death penalty fail to recognize is the cost that branches out of life imprisonment. Keeping these criminals alive in prison costs money whether its for the food, space, water for the showers, etc. So, why spend the money fo r murderers who dont deserve it?Lastly, common sense later followed by piles and piles of statistics has proven that criminals often plead for a life in prison earlier than death. In the past it was believed that the death of murderers 1) prevents future crime or misbehavior from the murderer and 2) discourages other future and/or potential murderers from committing crimes. In the present, Paul Rubin, a professor of economics and law at Emory University uses detailed statistical analysis of the available data on the deterrent answers of capital punishment. He and his colleagues conclude that each execution led to an average of eighteen fewer murders (Rubin). Not only has the death penalty rid us of criminals but it has the future effect of reducing the crime rate.

Examining Hydrogen Fuel Cells Environmental Sciences Essay

henry furnish jail kiosks ar potentially the energy beginning of the hereafter. Due to its skill and wiped out(p) pollution H fuel electric booths argon far better than conventional gasoline engines. With increasing gasoline monetary values and pressing environmental issues, a new feasible energy beginning is required such as the H fuel cell, ( Swain, D. 2007 ) . ( 5 )A fuel cell is an electrochemical device that produces current by the transition of H and O into H2O, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The first fuel cell was invented in 1839 by Sir William Grove. terminate cells puzzle out in a similar mode to a battery nevertheless they will continually bring forth heat and electricity if fuel is supplied, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Fuel cells run on H. Hydrogen is the most common and simplistic gas. It is exceptionally light and produces the highest conglutination of energy per unit of weight of 52000 Btu/lb, which is three clock that of gasolene, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) A H fuel cell is made up of two electrodes environing an electrolyte. Hydrogen passes everyplace the anode of the cell and the free negatrons are conducted into the foreign circuit. ( 2 ) The O passes over the cathode. Electrons are conducted back from the external circuit to the accelerator where the H and O recombine to organize H2O. A proton exchange membrane is the electrolyte. If a polymer exchange membrane is used this must be hydrated to stay stable functionality, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) A Pt accelerator must be used to help the reaction, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The merchandises formed include H2O, heat and electricity.The two most promising fuel cells are the polymer exchange membrane fuel cell ( PEMFC ) and the solid oxide fuel cell ( SOFC ) , ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The PEM fuel cell is used for transit such as in powering vehicles. This fuel cell has a low operating temperature signifier 60 & A deg C to 80 & A deg C and a high oper ating denseness, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) The solid oxide fuel cells operate at really high temperatures of 700-1000 & A deg C. This cell will be used in big scale power coevals such as in mills, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) whizz of the primary advantages of the H fuel cells is the low emanations, ( Swain, D. 2007 ) . ( 5 ) Gasoline powered autos emit pollutants such as SO2 and NO. Fuel cells rely on chemical science and non on burning which reduces emanations, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) The lone gas released is H2O vapor. This reduces gentle wind pollution and combats planetary heating. ( 6 ) Hydrogen fuel cells are besides really effectual as they have the ability to covert fuel to energy from the minute of coevals. This eradicates multiple stairss and additions aptitude, ( Anonymous,2002 ) . ( 3 ) If complete(a) H is used the H fuel cell can be 65 % efficient, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . If impure H utilized a reformist is required to alter the hydroca rbon into H which lowers the efficiency degree, nevertheless it is still far greater ( up to three times ) than a gasoline engine, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) ( Anonymous,2002 ) . ( 2 ) ( 3 ) Due to the position that much energy is lost turning pumps and fans in gasoline vehicles the overall efficiency is really low of 20 % , ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) In add-on to this H fuel cells achieve the letter writer of 65 stat mis to the gallon doing them a feasible energy beginning, ( Anonymous,2002 ) . ( 3 ) The dependability of a H fuel cell is a major advantage. Whereas burning engines, such as gasoline engines, have many traveling parts that require care, the fuel cell has really few. ( 3 ) This will cut down care costs and increase dependability. In add-on to this a fuel cell will non travel dead ( as batteries do ) if there is a changeless flow of chemicals into the cell, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) Although ab initio production costs would be high for H fuel cells this will minimize and mass production costs will go low because of the simple building of the cell. ( 3 )Equally good as this the H fuel cell is safe. Unlike gasoline, H will non do environmental jeopardies such as spillages. Similar to petrol H will fire when lit nevertheless it further becomes explosive when stored up in an enclosed country, which is improbable as H disperses short, ( Anonymous,2002 ) 3. ( 3 ) This makes H fuel cells a safe option.Hydrogen can be produced from coal, cancel gas and oil. Since these militias are being depleted it is a great adventage that H for the fuel cells can be produced from biomass, sunshine and H2O, ( Swain, D. 2007 ) . ( 5 ) There are many beginnings of H on Earth. Hydrogen is found combined with other elements, chiefly C and O, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) However it can be easy extracted and used to do the ultimate clean and efficient energy beginning, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 )Like all fuels and signifiers of energy H fuel cells have their disadv antages. One of the largest disadvantages of H fuel cells is that presently they are really expensive, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 2 ) ( 4 ) Many of the constituents that make up a H fuel cell such as the Pt accelerator and proton exchange membrane are dearly-won, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) This would h disused to diminish mostly to be economically feasible. Once this has decreased, for illustration by utilizing an alternate accelerator, mass production costs will diminish, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) The production costs of H besides pose a disadvantage. Most H comes from coal, natural gas and oil. The pollution caused by the production of H from these resources is similar to the sum of that of gasoline engines, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) Hydrogen can be produced by sunshine and air current to power electrolysis which does non make any pollution nevertheless this is excessively expensive to use extensively, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 )Another job wi th H fuel cells bristle with storage. Due to the fact that H is such a light gas and disperses easy it is really hard to hive away a big sum in a confined country, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) The challenge posed is for applied scientists to fit the 300-mile vehicle scope. However this is non impossible as it has been done in some recent vehicles, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Research workers are besides coming up with new ways of hive awaying the H such the consumption of H armored combat vehicles and metal loanblends, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 )For H fuel cells to go feasible a PEMFC membrane must be create that can run in high temperatures ( 100 & A deg C ) every bit good as bomber zero temperatures, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) PEMFC membranes are hydrated to reassign H protons nevertheless at temperatures greater than 80 & A deg C the hydration is lost. These high temperatures are of import as the fuel cell will hold an increased tolerance to drosss. ( 2 ) Fuel cells must stay stable where every bit presently when the vehicle is turned on or off or temperatures are high the membrane tends to degrade, ( Nice, K, Strickland, J. ) . ( 2 ) Further research is required to battle this. In add-on to this exchanging to hydrogen fuel would necessitate an accommodation of substructure where H fuel Stationss, grapevines and distribution channels are required, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 ) This is possible nevertheless it will take many old ages and money to construct, ( Snyder, A. 2003 ) . ( 4 )Like all fuels hydrogen fuel cells do hold disadvantages nevertheless many of these can be combated with farther research and over clip, ( Anonymous ) . ( 1 ) Presently hydrogen fuel cells are non a feasible beginning of energy nevertheless due to their low emanations, high efficiency and many other advantages they have the possible to in the hereafter go a feasible energy beginning that is more effectual than gasoline engines.

Organizational Behavior at My Company Essay

To understand how the concept of organizational behavior can be applied and exposit through the recreate environment of My Company, I will first explore a general comment of what organizational Behavior is and then relate how the soulfulness comp integritynts apply. According to Stephen Robbins, author of our Organizational Behavior textbook, Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, stems, and structure fox on behavior at bottom organizations for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward improving an organizations effectiveness(9). The first component of this definition is to absorb the impact that the individuals have, followed by the impact of the groups, and then fin wholey the impact of the structure. I will string out on each(prenominal) of these areas and relate them to the current practices within My Company.It is prob suitable that the single most prevalent font of organizational behavior through the eyes of an employee would be the impact that they personally have on the union. What this implies, is that when I try to describe the impact individuals have to the company, it will be solely from my perspective as a non-managerial employee. Had my perspective been from that of an employee in a management-level position, it would most likely differ. From the experiences that I have had in the two and a half years that I have worked at My Company, it seems to me that individuals are encouraged to take the initiative to agree their work as productive as possible. I have been part of many changes that have been initiated by non-management level employees to try and streamline and improve efficiencies within the company. This has led me to believe that one of the in-use espoused values is that of empowering all levels of employees with the ability to make changes that will directly affect their particular areas.When evaluating the group component and how that relates to the My Company environme nt, I am going to make the assumption that a group is the equivalent of a department. These departmental segregations dish to increase internal accountability and fixate what each group will be responsible for. to each one group has its own independent structure and operates a little differently depending on the style of the individual manager. Many of these groups (departments) can be broken down into subgroups to further delegatecomponents of work. The outcome is that within each department or group there is a hierarchy where you will find different forms of leadership. more or less of these subgroup leaders lead by cosmos experts in their fields rather than having a title of being a manager. Within my group there is a distinct leader that I work for.I have found that if I am struggling with a project or if I cannot define the scope of a job that I am working on often times I can rely on help from the leader of my group to help achieve the desired results. If for around reas on components (individuals) within my subgroup started to perform poorly, the outcome could have serious consequences to the productivity of our entire department. Conversely, if we were able to drastically improve performance metrics for our areas of responsibility, we would then be able to offset some work from separate areas within the group. This interdependence of the subgroups has helped our group to have more control of the aspects that will impact how productively the company will continue to be going forward.Through the process of defining the groups within My Company, I have made reference to the internal group structure. Instead of rehashing this same information and tying it back to the geomorphological component mentioned in the definition of organizational behavior, I am going to relate how my manager is able to structure her team to be as effective and productive as possible. Looking through the quad essential management functions (Robbins 5) defined in our reading material, ( excogitationning, organizing, leading and controlling) I am able to see how my manager struggles to constantly apply these ideas in her day to day responsibilities. Our group organizes weekly meetings where we try to plan what tasks we would like to undertake in the near future.My manager is responsible for keeping these meetings in focus so that overall group objectives are met. Through controlling and delegating within these meetings, she has shown the ability to lead our group and utilize different strengths of individuals to maximize our effectiveness. Being able to take more of an observational role in this situation has helped me to understand the different idiosyncrasies that exist within our company and department. By identifying these quirks I feel that I am able to better understand how many of the different internal components and people must work together in order to achieve desired results. This has helped me to recognize, at leastat the group level, how on e can utilize many of the resources to maximize efficiencies within My Company.Works CitedRobbins, Stephen. Organizational Behavior. New Jersey Pearson, 2001.

Race, Class, & Gender

Danielle Karkkainen Prof. Shaleen Seward SOC. 301, Race/Class/Gender Writing Assignment celestial latitude 4, 2012 I am an American, says over 308,745,538 people in the get together States this year (2010 Census Data. ) These people go from everywhere America is a melting pot of culture, and that can unfortunately cause friendly inequalities to reverse through the Matrix of Domination, a theory that mirrors the intersectionality of race, distinguish, and gender, as coauthor of Race, Class, & Gender, an Anthology Patricia H sickish Collins claims (Andersen, and Collins xi-xiii. These deuce conditions give label to the commonplace phenomena of race, class, and gender work indoors a system of social relationships. The understanding of people from different cultures has grown in many another(prenominal) ways over the history of the United States. America is starting to realize that the ethnocentric, or judging of others culture through the values of their own, is no eternal an acceptable way to approach others. There is still a long way to go to much(prenominal) firmly develop a earth with a general appreciation of diversity and inclusive thought.Knowledge is the tycoon that will preserve populations in peaceful, cultural awareness and harmonious equating. Anderson and Collins share many views of American life and morality through the different cultural perspectives of its citizens (and noncitizens. ) These articles prove that race, class, and gender tout ensemble play discover, self-propelled roles in the interrelated origins of discrimination. In the article, The destination of B drop Femininity and School Success, the realization that downcast women require histori birdsongy been raised to consciously be more(prenominal) aggressively determined to succeed as they had the least amount of power in the didactics system.The conflict mingled with young, black females and school officials usually terminate up in a positive social swop becau se the understanding that their race, class, and gender is constantly pinned up against them (Lewis, Mueller, and et al 187-193. ) In our patriarchal society, women lack power. In addition to that, these women are African American, which creates more issues in fighting against discrimination from those who have more power, such as a potential employer. Speaking of employment, black women in America generally add up from a abase-class background, which works against them in gaining power to change their status in life.The people with power in America are generally the ones who dont have issues obtaining wealthiness or status. This social construct has perpetuated many centuries, and today, it is seen most clearly by the white, enlightened males who are educated to become those with the power, that is, the white-collar employers and employees. On the flip-side of this case, minorities are educated in technical schools often, those with blue-collar or lower status jobs. For this, A merica has adopted laws like Affirmative Action as a protective rhythm to eliminate discrimination issues in the workplace.Some people think this law is un indispensable as America bureau comparison for all however, this color-blind approach keeps those with the white privilege in ignorance (Gallagher 91-95. ) Inclusive thinking is necessary from a young age to create a more accepting atmosphere and society within the United States. To teach these concepts, the hidden agenda initiated from toddler-age on, which keeps the power slight under the thumb of the stringy must be eliminated. Understanding and accepting differences will be the easiest and most valuable, long-lasting way to boost the position of the powerless, i. . the minorities of America. yet when an equal percentage of minorities and Caucasian people obtain degrees and sufficient income will equality be a tangible possibility. American educational facilities have adopted the Black History Month as a role model for in clusion, however, why a single nonage of a population have a single month of history created to what seems like a pacification of the lack of recognition of the importance of African Americans in America since the countrys birth. The hidden curriculum keeps social constructions of discrimination alive in our schools.We have a long way to go, as author Jeanne Theoharis proves in her article, I Hate It When People Treat Me sweetred a Fxxx-up the students of color in one school (as surface, assumed in other schools) received incommensurate treatment, services, and materials because school officials believed the students did non care about their education. However, the minority students kept a journal of how important their education was and the tolerance of the unfair treatment toward the minorities was exposed and corrected (Theoharis 409. The idea that minorities, particularly African American, do not care about their education or are a problem population because of their race, and the typical disadvantages that come along with that is primitive. From the days of Harriet Tubman and slavery, to the powerful resolution of Rosa Parks, to the incredible civil rights acts in the 1960s, to the most pissed woman in America being African American, black people have changed their cheek and the face of our history throughout time. African Americans have a grapheme of double consciousness created by society.The legal age (white people,) have created a belief shared amongst much of the black population on some kind of level. This perspective is that of an acceptance of a secondary race and not as worthyy as Caucasians. The other perspective that may be what powers the young, black female in particular as aforementioned is that of violence and faith. The African American community has always had a strong connection with one another, yet excluded from the mainstream of America. In the days of slavery, the seeds of this double consciousness were planted in the Afri can American culture.Upon rowing on overcrowded ships, ill with plague, and maliciously shake upen by the white man, Blacks began to see themselves as white people did- property. This was the lowest bode in African American history, and many black people rose as a type of Over-Man in order to save their peoples culture and lives. Harriet Tubman saved hundreds of different African Americans from slavery by concealment them in an underground tunnel to the more free North, which was the first step in abolishing slavery by the African American population.Many years after slavery of African Americans ended, Jim Crow laws still segregated the minority group from the rest of society. Jim Crow laws were not necessarily legal, nor written, simply they were implied, and explicitly enforced. These laws kept the less powerful African Americans away from and in service to white Americans. In the 1940s and 1950s, Americas law of the land was Separate but Equal, meaning there were separate are as for facilities, separate lines for tickets, restricted seating, etc. This was further obvious through the lack of proper education for African Americans.If Jim Crow laws were broken, African Americans were severely punished. This could have mean despise beatings, lynching, or imprisonment. Representation of African Americans was entirely lacking and causing a rising tension between the rivaling African Americans and white Americans. With rising violence and aggression, leaders such as Malcolm X and Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. arose with two separate types of action calls for African Americans. Muslim activist Malcolm X proposed emanation at any terms.Linked with the Black Panthers, a lower-class black activist group, violence was encouraged if peace did not reap reward and cost this leader his life. This caused many riots, resulting in police brutality and discrimination towards people of color. The Hammurabi-like code an nerve center for an eye approach does not work wh en attempting for understanding and acceptance. For this, Martin Luther King proposed a solution to the racial discrimination to end. This was to keep a steady, calm head and proceed with absolute resolution to positive social change and peaceful rioting.This approach seemed to work better, although only with complete determination and self-control. After many marches, protests, and exchanges, as well as Dr. Kings assassination, the power of black Americans was starting to be recognized by the world. The Equal Employment Opportunity accostion was created in 1967 to assist minorities receive the jobs they deserve, reviewing and protecting applicants from employer discrimination. This created over 4,000 injuries in ensuing riots and a revived call to action for equal treatment of minorities (Jackson Sun. ) This was the result of yet another attempt at equality for all American citizens. However, this attempt joined forces with the Affirmative Action law President John F. Kennedy cre ated in order to stop racism bleeding into the employment world. Giving black Americans more power, the social class of African Americans rose for a decade before hitting a bump in the progression of African American historical timeline when crack cocaine hit the streets along with the influx of HIV/AIDS. African Americans were amongst the hardest hit by these two pandemics.Bringing African American morality down, and degrading back to the poverty lifestyle, gangs boomed, creating a family unit and source of income for many urban African Americans. In the 1990s, gang violence skyrocketed. In direct opposition, so did police brutality, particularly of African Americans. The teachings of gang members grew exponentially through the powerful words of American rap by gangsters like Tupac Shakur and Biggie Smalls, who both grew up in the slums of opposing American coasts and shared the exorbitant life occurrences they witnessed or took part in.Not only did these artists glamorize the thu g lifestyle, but the women in the music videos of these artists created a further degradation of females as sexual objects, not humans to be respected. Tupac addressed these issues with his poetry I see no changes wake up in the morning and I ask myself Is life worth living should I blast myself? Im tired of bein poor & even worse Im black My stomach hurts so Im lookin for a purse to snatch Cops give a damn about a negro bend the trigger kill a ***** hes a hero Give the crack to the kids who the hell cares One less hungry mouth on the welfareFirst ship em dope & let em deal the brothers Give em guns step back watch em kill each other Its time to fight back thats what Huey said (Changes. ) This is an explicit ideal of the war-like lifestyle African Americans maintained in the streets of urban centers. Police officers and government officials were discriminating against African Americans more than any other minority. The consistent oppression of black people lead by police roused ma ny riots. Perhaps the most well-known of all instigators of civil rights call to actions is the infamous 1992 Rodney King beating.Four police officers beat Rodney King, a mad guilty of a DUI until he had broken 11 facial bones, among other injuries (Rodney King. ) Americans were revolt by the unnecessary brutal treatment of this man and deemed it an extreme example of police discrimination. This tension between African Americans and police officers created 53 deaths, 2,383 injuries, more than 7,000 fires, damage to 3,100 businesses, and costlyly $1 billion in pecuniary losses (Rodney King. ) Finally, African Americans were making their case for equality known.The United States has just re-elected Democrat, Barack Obama for a second term in office. This man is half African American, half Caucasian. It is almost unfathomable that we finally have a man of color in the Oval Office upon seeing the constant failures of activists who desire to see equality for all. These failures are no t what they seem, as collectively, they catapulted African Americans to a much more comfortable position in the United States. Just because our President is half black does not mean the fight for African American equality is over.Unfortunately, there are still plenty of hate crimes heard in the headlines are the country to this day. African Americans are gaining status in society now that there are much more firm laws in place deterring employers, instructors, or officials to discriminate based on race, class, gender, or orientation. In the near future, the minorities of America will no longer be considered the minority as our global as well as country-wide population is ever-changing and increasingly becoming more well-rounded.Hopefully, this will assist in eliminating the hate crimes, prejudice, and discrimination against those who do not have the luxury of inherently obtaining the white privilege. Understanding that race, class, and gender all works for and against us constantly due to social construct will create a more positive awareness of the importance equality and the beauty of each individuals unique qualities, experiences, and characters. Race, class, and gender still stiff unequal amongst American individuals, so teaching positive social change and appreciation of a multicultural society will always remain a necessity.Works Cited Andersen, Margaret, and Patricia Collins. Race, Class, & Gender. 8th ed. . Belmont Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2010. xi-xiii. Print. Gallagher, Charles. Color-Blind Privilege. Trans. swan Race, Class, & Gender. Margaret Anderson and Patricia Collins. 8th ed. Belmont Wadsworth & Cengage Learning, 2010. 91-95. Print. Lewis, R. L, Jennifer Mueller, et al. The Culture of Black Femininity and School Success. Trans. Array Race, Class, & Gender. Margaret Andersen and Patricia Collins. 8th ed.Belmont Wadsworth & Cengage Learning, 2010. 187-193. Print. National Civil Rights Timeline. Jackson Sun Jackson 2003, n. pag. Web. 2 De c. 2012. . Rodney King. 2012. . Shakur, Tupac, writ. Changes. 1998. Song. 1 Dec 2012. Theoharis, Jeanne. I Hate It When People Treat Me Like a F&up. Trans. Array Race, Class, & Gender. Margaret Andersen and Patricia Collins. 8th ed. Belmont Wadsworth & Cengage Learning, 2010. Print. United States. U. S. Census Bureau. 2010 Census Data. Washington, D. C. , 2012. Web. .

Max Weber: A Short Biography Essay

being a man with great aspirations, scoop webers life was filled with complexities and complications. Therefore, it is worthy of is cartridge clip to explore the reasons of his success, a revolutionary thinker of the 19th century whose theories still remained as the subjects of interest among academics of the new millennium. In this paper, we shall explore on his life, followed by what influenced and motivated weber to get hold of the milest unmatchable of his life scientific management theories. Lastly, we shall critique on the relevance of his theories in modern management.Biography born(p) in Erfurt, Thuringia, on 21st April 1864, Max weber was the eldest son of Max Weber elder and Hellen Fallenstein Weber. Suffering from meningitis at the age of four, Max Weber adopted reading as his past time which phraseed his academic strength at a young age (Secher 1980). Max Weber study at the University of Heidelberg in the year 1882, specializing in the subject of Law. However, hi s education was disrupted mend volunteering for military teach as an Officer. In 1884, he resumed his education and graduated in 1890 (Secher 1980). He took up an offer at Freiburg University as an Economic Professor in 1894, a year after his marriage with Marianne Schniger, the grand niece of Max Weber, Senior. Ironically, Weber was haunted by a long term psychiatric breakdown and withdrew from bleed during the prime of his career as in 1897(Gerth & Mill 1982).Although psychologically disturbed, Weber inherited a vast measure of wealth from his deceased father (Secher 1980). The pecuniary gains enabled Weber to recuperate from his conditions along with the time and space to develop one of his academic masterpiece, The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of greatism in 1904, which contested on the relevance of capitalism in the absence of spiritual belief (Gerth & Mill 1982). Max Weber died of pneumonia in Munich, on 14 June, 1904. However, he kept the world in awe with the introd uction of Bureaucracy. A term which was quoted from his work rescue and Society published by Marianne in 1922 which advocated logical and scientific research methodology cognize as rationalisation (Casteel 2009). Bureaucracy was originated from his skeletal invention of a system of management hierarchy while institutionalising a series of hospitals during World War I, of which in hope to remedy the inequality of hereditary chronological episode and the abused of authority within the German empire (Gerth & Mill 1982).InfluencesPolitical and Social FactorsHegelian philosophy had been the German paradigm for centuries, originated from Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel who advocated that Nations could only be prosperous when the claim, the civil society and its citizens are managed with strong moralistic principles (Pippin, Hoffe & Walker 2004). Despite the grand nonion, the Hegelian society became a system of corruption and abused, under the presidential term of the aristocrats. D efunct and degenerative, its relevance was threatened in the 19th century by the evolution of socialism. Unlike the Hegelian society, the mission of the modern socialism is to serve beyond self-interest, while promoting its non-affiliation between a society and its state which resonated with the oppressed peasants and middle-classes of Germany (Steinmetz 1993). The problem was further intensified by the ruling of Kaiser William ll, whose governmental interests polarized from Bismarcks political philosophy which has served as a political stabiliser in Germany (Burbank & Cooper 2010).During his reign, the Kaiser had authentic his policies through human beings image and popular opinion of the Germans. Unfortunately, the approach proved to be unwise, given the autocratic record of Kaiser William the II, policy making became a game of propaganda to glorify him along with the riddance of any negative publicity or criticism directed at the imperial family (Kohut 1991). Inspired by mod ern socialism and disappointed with the Kaisers and nobilities myopic view on politics, Max Weber began to question on the effectiveness of hereditary succession in political power versus meritocracy. In association with his first hand experienced on bureaucracy, Weber began to infuse it with the theory of Charismatic Leadership where visionaries should be appointed as leaders and serve the nation, with an rescript to the original concept that leaders should be elected based on merits and not chosen by birth (Wren & Bedian 2009).Economics FactorsIn the late 19th century, industralisation began to take flight across the western instigate of the world however European industrialising nations failed to capture the scotch advantages brought about by machinisation (More 2000). France was an exception who experienced further growth at the point of time in conjunction with the United State of America (USA). An economist by profession, Max Weber observed that the theory of capitalism a nd free competitions advocated by Adam smith was the key for the two nations success (Gerth & Mill 1982). In 1904, Max Weber visited the USA on a mission to understand the true essence of capitalism, and noticed that Americans relied excessively on the convenience of technologies for profit times that moral ethics began to dissipate in the society (Gerth & Mill 1982). It was the fear of the dissipation which triggered Weber to hypothesize The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism to address the underlying moral hazards brought about by technologies, in the absence of spiritual faith (Wren & Bedian 2009).Intellectual FactorsJohn Calvins philosophy for Protestant reformation had been one of the antiquated ideologies which Max Weber adopted in his publications. The underlying reason for Weber to adopt Calvinism which promotes economic growth and the specialization of labour under the context of the Protestant teachings (Wren & Bedian 2009), was associated with Max Webers mo ther, Hellen Fallenstein Weber. be a strong proponent on humanitarian issues and the faith of a Protestant, Hellen had been the mentor of Weber in issues related to liberalism and spirituality (Gerth & Mills 1982). Hence, Webers choice of religious philosophy and his publication of The Protestant Ethics and the Spirit of Capitalism can be seen as a form of tribute to Hellen, in recognition for the undying care and love for her eldest son. Any educated German of the 19th hundred would have read the two most important works of the century Communist Manifesto and Capital written by Karl Marx.In summary, what Karl Marx was trying to advocate is the forsaking of self-interest among entrepreneurs and workers in their quest for monetary profits, instead both parties should collaborate as a collective unit in achieving communal benefits where a mans gain will not be another mans going (Patterson 2009). During the period where destitute and suffering prevails, the Utopian theory of Marxism were alluring to the masses including Weber. However, given his critical nature, Weber discovered the fundamental flaws of generalisation in Marxists theories the absence of actual steps to achieve the desired outcome. With the intention to prove the functionality of Karl Marxs theory, Weber began to formulate concrete steps to identify individuals motivations at work and suggestions on how to improve the societal well being (ed. Wiley 1987) which are reflected on his publication of Economy and SocietyRelevance to Management TodayIn the 21st century, bureaucracy has become the corporate civilisation of large organisations. The system has been a darling in the business arena due to the ease of its implementation, which readily provides a hierarchical framework for governance. Albeit its popularity, formal communication has always been a problem associated with bureaucracy (Wallace 1998). match to Welch (2005, p. 115), hierarchies tend to make little generals out of perfectly norm al people who find themselves in organisations that resolve only to rank. However, the underlying problem of bureaucracy is never with the theory itself, but rather the failure of modern managers to rationalise that the system are built upon human relationship. In order to resolve the brisk problem, one have to understand that business management is not solely about delegating confinement and supervision of the employees under a stipulated framework.Instead, success is greatly dependent on who manages and motivates the employees (Drucker 2006, p. 56). With reference to Drucker (2006, p. 60), Employees may be our greatest liability, but people are our greatest opportunity. The ideology was well adopted by Anita and Gordon Roddick of The remains Shop, who had successfully unleashed the potential of their workers with the creation of a strong sense of belonging and camaraderie resulted from the family strong mission and values which focuses on human relations (Tomer 1999). Theref ore, one could contest that the success of a manager, are associated with his or her foresight to regulate visions and missions. Followed by the ability to garner support from the worker and ultimately to motivated them in achieving the objectives. In relation to Max Webers theory, the idea is what we known as charismatic leading.Although charismatic leadership has been the ideal form of management style, researchers of organisational behaviours have noticed that it may not be the best approach for adoption. The reason for such an argument is that charismatic leaders are rare gems within the labour market. In order to resolve the issue, a modified version of charismatic leadership known as transformational leadership was introduced as the new frontier. Unlike charismatic leadership, transformational leadership is a set theory which focuses on how different leaders lead and inspire (Mcshane and Travagoline 2007), which are widely used to developed business leaders of tomorrow.Conc lusionIn retrospect, Max Webers penetrative ability to prove human behaviours, is the reason for his theories to remain highly relevant and widely adopted by modern managers of today. However, as discussed earlier, the theories must not be seen as separate and independent entity. Instead, managers must first understand the nature of Webers theories in relation to their respective organisations. Followed by the need to anticipate and rationalise the likely problems that might arise from the application. Only then, may the managers tailor a set of solutions in accordance to the real need and requirements of the organisations.Reference ListBurbank, J & Cooper, F 2010, Empires in World History Power and the administration of Difference, Princeton University Press, New Jersey. Casteel, P.D 2009, Weber and rationalization, Research Starters Sociology, pp. 1-5. Drucker, PF 2006, Classic Drucker, Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Massachusetts. Gerth, HH & Mills, CW 1982, From Max Weber Essays in Sociology, Routledge & Kegan Paul Ltd, Padstow, Cornwall Kohut, TA 1991, Wilhelm II and the Germans A Study in Leadership, Oxford University Press, New York, viewed on 10 February 2011, Marx, K 1970, German Ideology, The Electric Book Company Ltd, London, viewed 9 February 2011, McShane, S & Travagoline, T 2007, Organisational Behaviour on the Pacific Rim, McGraw Hill Australia Pty