History Of The Internet :: essays research papers

History of The InternetThe Internet is a worldwide connection of thousands of computer networks.All of them speak the same language, TCP/IP, the standard protocol. The Internetallows mess with access to these networks to sh be information and knowledge.Resources available on the Internet are chat groups, electronic mail, newsgroups, filetransfers, and the World Wide Web. The Internet has no centralized assurance andit is uncensored. The Internet belongs to everyone and to no one.The Internet is structured in a hierarchy. At the top, each country has atleast one public backbone network. gritstone networks are made of high speedlines that connect to other backbones. there are thousands of service providersand networks that connect home or college users to the backbone networks. Today,there are to a greater extent than fifty-thousand networks in more than one-hundred countriesworldwide. However, it all started with one network.In the early 1960s the Cold War was escalating and the United StatesGovernment was faced with a problem. How could the country advance after anuclear war? The Pentagons Advanced Research Projects Agency, ARPA, had asolution. They would create a non-centralized network that linked from city tocity, and base to base. The network was knowing to function when parts of itwere destroyed. The network could not have a center because it would be aprimary target for enemies. In 1969, ARPANET was created, named after itsoriginal Pentagon sponsor. There were four supercomputer stations, called nodes,on this high speed network.ARPANET grew during the 1970s as more and more supercomputer stations wereadded. The users of ARPANET had changed the high speed network to an electronicpost office. Scientists and researchers used ARPANET to get together on projectsand to trade notes. Eventually, people used ARPANET for leisure activities suchas chatting. Soon after, the mailing list was developed. Mailing lists werediscussion groups of people who would s end their messages via e-mail to a groupaddress, and also receive messages. This could be done twenty-four hours a day.Interestingly, the first groups topic was called Science Fiction Lovers.As ARPANET became larger, a more sophisticated and standard protocol wasneeded. The protocol would have to link users from other small networks toARPANET, the main network. The standard protocol invented in 1977 was calledTCP/IP. Because of TCP/IP, connecting to ARPANET by any other network was madepossible. In 1983, the military portion of ARPANET broke off and formed MILNET.The same year, TCP/IP was made a standard and it was being used by everyone. Itlinked all parts of the branching complex networks, which soon came to be called