7 main approaches in psychology Essay Example for Free

7 main approaches in psychology Essay*Many psychologists may believe that each perspective has valid explanations depending on the specific situation, and this layer of view is called eclectic. This term refers to the claim that no one perspective has all the answers to the variety of human model and behavior. Psychologists tend to use various perspectives in their pull in depending on which point of view fits best with the explanation.Humanistic(1950s-Present)Carl Rogers-Person-centered therapy and unconditional positive regard Abraham Maslow-Hierarchy of Needs and Self-ActualizationUnique aspects of human experienceBelief that we choose nearly of our behaviors and these choices are guided by physiological, emotional or spiritual needs. Humans are free, rational beings with the potential for personal growth, and they are fundamentally different from animals.psychoanalytical/Psychodynamic(1900-Present)Sigmund Freud-Personality and States of ConsciousnessCarl Jung-the most im portant and lifelong task imposed upon any person is fulfillment through the process of individuation, achievement of harmony of conscious and unconscious, which makes a person one and whole Alfred Adler-IndividualPPsychology, a term which is sometimes misunderstood. It refers to the indivisibility of the personality in its psychological structure. Unconscious determinants of behaviorBelief that the unconscious mental capacitya part of our mind that we do not haveconscious control over or access tocontrols much of our thought and action. Unconscious motives and experiences in early childhood put personality and mental disorders.Roger Sperry-showed that if the two hemispheres of the brain are separated by severing the corpus callosum (the large band of fibers that connects them), the transfer of information between the hemispheres ceases, and the coexistence in the same individual of two functionally different brains can be demonstrated. George Miller-The Magical Number Seven, Plus or Minus Two Some Limits on our Capacity for Processing Information Physiological bases of behavior in humans and animalsAn organisms functioning can be explained in terms of the tangible structures and biochemical processes that underlie behavior. How the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiencesEvolutionary/Darwinian(Also called sociobiologists)(1980s-Present)David Buss-His primary interests include the evolutionary psychology of human mating strategies fighting between the sexes prestige, status, and social reputation the emotion of jealousy homicide anti-homicide defenses and stalking. Charles Darwin-the Origin of Species in 1850.Evolutionary bases of behavior in humans and animals.Examines human thought and behavior in terms of natural selection. Behavior patterns have evolved to solve adaptive problems natural selection favors behaviors that enhance reproductive success.B.F. Skinner-Operant Conditioning and invented the Skinner Box Effects of milieu on the overt behavior of human and animals. Explain human thought and behavior in terms of conditioning and look strictly at evident behaviors and what reaction organisms get in response to specific behaviors. Belief that only observable events (stimulus response relationships) can be studied scientifically.Noam Chomsky-Theorized the critical-period for language acquisition Herbert Simon-one of the creation fathers of modern research in artificial intelligence Ulric Neisser-focused on pattern recognition, visual search, brief information processing, and memory. Thoughts mental processExamine human thought and behavior in terms of how we interpret, process, and remember environmental events. The rules that we use to view the world are important to understanding why we think and behave the guidance we do. Overall, human behavior cannot be fully understood without examining how people acquire, store, and process information.