This essay is a brief summary and reflection over a 1998 article written by Constance Kamii and published in Teaching Children Mathematics journal.

According to the authors of Instead of Teaching Missing Add leftovers, a 1998 article make in Teaching Children Mathematics, it is not necessary to give children orb instruction of missing addends, provided they are given other substantive opportunities to develop numerical reasoning. This assertion is based upon research worn from a study of 110 students in five classes of offset graders located in two Alabama public schools. The students were never given formal instruction of missing addend problems, nor were they exposed to text or workbook maths exercises. Instead, they were given opportunities to solve e reallyday math problems, such as playing games that involved adding money, adding numbers in concert on playing cards to get to a veritable sum, and debating with classmates on how to solve word problems that pertained to everyday situations. Near the end of the school year the teachers of the five classes were asked to give their students a piffling test consisting of six missing addend problems. Ninety-two percent of the students terminate the test with no errors or only one error. lonesome(prenominal) ogdoad of the 110 children demonstrated difficulty with the test. Still not having been exposed to formal instruction of missing addends, four of the eight children were re-tested a year later and demonstrated they were able to stamp down the concept without formal instruction.

The authors found that the games were more effective in teaching the students the concept of missing addends simply because children think very hard and from many viewpoints when they play games (Kammi, 460). The games kept the children motivated and cerebrate because they provided an element of exploration and challenge, elements that are absent in or so worksheet and textbook activities. Also, the children were encouraged to use numerical reasoning in a variety of ways while playing the games, which helped...

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